Electrochromic Carbon Electrodes: Controllable Visible Color Changes in Metallic Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Yanagi, Kazuhiro; Moriya, Rieko; Yomogida, Yohei; Takenobu, Taishi; Naitoh, Yasuhisa; Ishida, Takao; Kataura, Hiromichi; Matsuda, Kazuyuki; Maniwa, Yutaka

doi:10.1002/adma.201100549

Cited by 61 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Yanagi et al were able to realize electrochromic all-carbon electrodes using metallic single walled CNTs. [ 470 ] The color change was enabled in carbon fi lms without ITO electrodes, single walled CNTs acting as both electrochromic components and electrodes (interestingly, the same rationale is applied when designing all-CNTs supercapacitors). The mechanism of optical absorption change in CNTs proceeds through fi lling and depletion of electronic states (electron or hole doping), process known as Van Hove singularity, modifying the optical transitions between states in CNTs.…”

Section: Optically Active Schemes/confi Gurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The capacitance of the electrochromic fi lms was not measured but it may be presumed that the electrodes display similar capacitance values as classic CNT based supercapacitor electrodes making this device function simultaneously as an electrochromic and charge storage unit. [ 470 ] Copyright 2011, Wiley VCH. B) Photographs of the V 2 O 5 -based electrochromic supercapacitor device displaying color change upon charge and discharge.…”

Section: Optically Active Schemes/confi Gurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

288

204

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all need to be used in conjugation with an energy storage system to provide smooth power leveling. Currently, electrochemical energy storage systems are by far the most optimal solutions for powering a broad range of technologies, expanding from compact and light-weighted portable electronic devices to stationary gridscale energy storage applications. [3][4][5][6] These energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) store the available electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and release it whenever needed, by simply reversing the electrochemical reaction. [7][8][9][10][11] Among various available battery chemistries, lithium batteries and supercapacitors are the most promising technologies. [ 7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ever since the realization of the fi rst electrochemical energy storage cell by Alessandro Volta (end of 17th century), the working principle and its function has changed very little. [ 21,22 ] Basically, two redox couples (or charge storage electrodes), electrically and physically separated, are bridged by an ion conducting medium to constitute an electrochemical cell. This holds true also for modern Li-ion batteries, although the chemistry involved is much more complex. During operation, the electrons are transferred through an external circuit while ions shuttle through the electrolyte to counterbalance the depleted charge at the electrodes. [ 23 ] So far, much of the effort has been directed towards improvement of the energy and power characteristics by downsizing the active components, re-engineering the current collectors and separators, as well as fi ne-tuning the Batteries have become fundamental building blocks for the mobility of modern society. Continuous development of novel battery chemistries and electrode materials has nourished progress in building better batteries. Simultaneously, novel device form factors and designs with multi-functional components have been proposed, requiring batteries to not only integrate seamlessly to these devices, but to also be a multi-functional component for a multitude of applications. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in the component materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards novel fabrication processes, unconventional confi gurations, and additional functionalities. This work attempts to critically review the developments with respect to emerging electrochemical energy storage confi gurations, including, amongst others, paintable, transparent, fl exible, wire or cable shaped, ultra-thin and ultra-thick confi gurations, as well as hybrid energy storage-conversion, or graphene-incorporated batteries and supercapacitors. The performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages, but also the limitations, with respect to established electrochemical energy storage technologies. Finally, challenges in developing novel materials with tailored properties that would allow such confi gurations, and in designing easier manufacturing techniques that can be widely adopted ar...

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Section: Optically Active Schemes/confi Gurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optically Active Schemes/confi Gurationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

288

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Electrochemical doping measurements were performed on a film of Car@Semi. Typical electrochemical doping techniques were employed to introduce charges on the SWCNTs encapsulating Car [17]. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the experimental setup for the electrochemical doping.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge Manipulation in Molecules Encapsulated Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2013

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We report clear experimental evidence for the charge manipulation of molecules encapsulated inside single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using electrochemical doping techniques. We encapsulated -carotene (Car) inside SWCNTs and clarified electrochemical doping characteristics of their Raman spectra. C ¼ C streching modes of encapsulated Car and a G band of SWCNTs showed clearly different doping behaviors as the electrochemical potentials were shifted. Electron extraction from encapsulated Car was clearly achieved. However, electrochemical characteristics of Car inside SWCNTs and doping mechanisms elucidated by calculations based on density-functional theory indicate the difficulty of charge manipulation of molecules inside SWCNTs due to the presence of strong on-site Coulomb repulsion energy at the molecules.

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“…The heavy doping of SWCNTs is still difficult. The large shift in the Fermi level over 1 eV has been achieved by electrochemical modulation, and the field effect gating . We thus got motivation to extract potentially high metal‐like conductivity in SWCNT films in the range of 10 4 S cm −1 .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Dopant‐Encapsulating Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Films with Metal‐Like Electrical Conductivity

Iihara

Kawai

Nonoguchi

2020

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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Heavy doping is inevitable for utilizing single‐walled carbon nanotubes for wiring. However, the electrical conductivity of their films is currently as low as one tenth of the films made from typical metal pastes. Herein we report on metal‐comparable electrical conductivity from single‐walled carbon nanotube network films. We use ionic liquids and crown ether complexes for p‐type and n‐type doping, respectively. The encapsulation of counterions into carbon nanotubes promotes the conductivities in the range of 7000 S cm−1, approximately ten times larger than those of undoped films.

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Electrochromic Carbon Electrodes: Controllable Visible Color Changes in Metallic Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract: Electrochromic devices using colorful metallic single‐wall carbon nanotube films are produced. The metallic SWCNTs act as both electrochromic components and electrodes, confirming a route to all carbon nanotube electrochromic devices.

Cited by 61 publications

References 26 publications

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Charge Manipulation in Molecules Encapsulated Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

Ionic Dopant‐Encapsulating Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Films with Metal‐Like Electrical Conductivity

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