Electrochromic and electrofluorochromic bifunctional materials for dual-mode devices based on ladder-like polysilsesquioxanes containing triarylamine

Liquid/Liquid Interfacial Suzuki Polymerization Prepared Novel Triphenylamine-Based Conjugated Polymer Films with Excellent Electrochromic Properties

“…Specifically, when the polymers are gradually oxidized at higher potentials of ∼0.9 V, the π–π* absorption bands of the four polymers are depleted, resulting in a narrow absorption band around 480 nm. When the polymers are further oxidized, the broad absorptions at 500–1100 nm increased greatly, probably caused by the cationic radical from the oxidation of centeral triphenylamine. , For TPA-B , the film appears transparent yellow in the neutral state. When the voltage is increased to 0.9 V, a brief light red absorption occurs at ∼430 nm.…”

“…When the polymers are further oxidized, the broad absorptions at 500−1100 nm increased greatly, probably caused by the cationic radical from the oxidation of centeral triphenylamine. 60,61 For TPA-B, the film appears transparent yellow in the neutral state. When the voltage is increased to 0.9 V, a brief light red absorption occurs at ∼430 nm.…”

Thiazolothiazole-Containing Conjugated Polymer with Electrochromism and Electrofluorochromism-Based Dual Performance for a Flip-Flop Molecular Logic Gate

“…In the modern era, smart electronic/optoelectronic device design is predominantly centralized on the synthesis of multifunctional, high-performance, low-cost, easily large-area-processable semiconducting material . In this context, organic π-conjugated polymers exhibited an ease of band-gap tuning via structural modification, high charge carrier mobility, enough mechanical flexibility, and low-cost processing and scalability. − As an outcome, polymeric semiconductors are widely established in different thin-film-based electronic or optoelectronic applications such as organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), photovoltaics, sensors, memristors, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), radiofrequency identification (RFID) tags, and electrochromic (EC)/electrofluorochromic (EFC) smart windows. − In this regard, the EC and EFC properties are referred to with the reversible switching of absorption and emission properties of smart electrochromic materials (ECMs) in response to small electrical bias. , The EC–EFC materials have attained great interest in materials science owing to their capability of reflective and emissive bimodal operation for developing new-generation smart windows and display devices for different cutting-edge materials and biomaterial applications. − The conjugated polymers, such as polythiophenes, polyaniline, and so on, are widely used as ECMs owing to their bias controllable redox/doping properties. , Again, the modifications of conjugated polymers easily allow the generation of donor–acceptor (D–A) π-conjugated structures to fine-tune the energy levels and optical band gap as well as the vivid color range during electrochromism with ameliorated EC parameters. − Despite the efforts, the conjugated polymer-based ECMs are very limited, and also achieving EC and EFC properties at the same time in a single molecular system is very challenging due to the unpredictability of electroactive molecules. − As a result, only a limited number of reports are in the literature on the elucidation of simultaneous EC–EFC properties in organic small molecules or polymers, and the majority of the reports are based on di/triphenyl amines, alkyl viologen, or thiophene-based molecules as electro-active moieties. ,,− Mainly, the redox-active fl...…”

Suitability of alkyne donor-π-donor-π-donor scaffolds for electrofluorochromic and electrochromic use

“…Such functional materials that change both their emission and color in response to an electric stimulus have attracted attention because of their suitability for potential use in information encryption, [10][11][12][13] storage, 14 and display technologies. [15][16][17][18] In addition to their reversible off/on emission, electrofluorochromes also exhibit electrochromism. This combined property modification is advantageous for emissive and reflective displays.…”