Electrochemistry of LiMn2O4 nanoparticles made by flame spray pyrolysis

Abstract

Crystalline LiMn2O4 nanoparticles with specific surface areas between 53.9 and 203.4 m2 g(-1) (particle size of 25.9-6.9 nm) were produced in a one-step flame spray pyrolysis process by varying the specific combustion enthalpy. An optimized nano-sized powder retained the highest galvanostatic discharge capacity of over 80 mAh g(-1) beyond 60 cycles at 50 C, a suitable positive material for high power Li-ion batteries. Due to the increase in specific surface area, nanoparticles have the advantages of decreased diffusion path lengths and improved charge transfer, however, it is seen in this work that the lack of crystalline bulk present in LiMn2O4 nanoparticles less than 15 nm in size does not justify the advantages of higher specific surface area between the current densities of 0.5-50 C.

Porous nanoarchitectures of spinel-type transition metal oxides for electrochemical energy storage systems

“…Nanostructured spinel LiMn 2 O 4 has shown a remarkably improved electrochemical performance in comparison with bulk spinel LiMn 2 O 4 . [157][158][159][160][161][162][163][164][165] In particular, porous spinel LiMn 2 O 4 nanostructures showed great promise for further improvement of their electrochemical performance during long-term use. 166 The porous structure generally offers a large active surface, short diffusion lengths of charge carriers (i.e., Li + ), and sufficient electrolyte pathways, which are responsible for improving Li + mobility in the given structure.…”

Synthesis of compounds, Li(MMn11/6)O4 (M=Mn1/6, Co1/6, (Co1/12Cr1/12), (Co1/12Al1/12), (Cr1/12Al1/12)) by polymer precursor method and its electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries

“…Though LiMn 2 O 4 prepared by conventional solid state reaction method has the advantage of mass production, the product usually contains some impure phases and oxygen deficiency which is detrimental to its electrochemical performance and also it involves higher preparation temperature with long heating time followed by several grinding and annealing process [3,15,16]. Hence, so far LiMn 2 O 4 and the substituted compounds have been studied by preparation through many different chemical methods like sol-gel [17,18], ultrasonic spray pyrolysis [3,19], sucrose aided combustion [20], spray-drying [21], flame spray pyrolysis [22], rheological phase assisted microwave synthesis [23], hydrothermal method [24], colloidal templating process 0013-4686/$ -see front matter © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.080 [25], electrochemical method [26] and one pot resorcinol method [27], etc.…”

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

“…LiV3O8 also displays a layered structure consisting of VO6 octahedra and distorted VO5 trigonal bipyramids grouped as sheets, which share edges and corners [362]. A number of LiV3O8 nanostructures have been reported in the literature recently, including nanorods [363][364][365][366][367][368], nanowires [369], nanosheets [370,371], and nanoparticles [372]. Xu et al [369], have recently synthesised one of the first large-scale examples of LiV3O8 nanowires by a topotactic conversion of structurally analogous H2V3O8 nanowires.…”