Electrochemistry of Conducting Polymers

Selenophene-containing heterotriacenes by a C–Se coupling/cyclization reaction

“…Therefore, the effect of the selenium atoms, which we saw for the oxidation of the corresponding monomers 1–4 , i.e., a lowering of the oxidation potential with increasing number of selenium atoms (vide supra), seems to be blurred for the polymers. Published data for P(DTT) P1 is very similar showing an onset potential of −0.12 V vs Fc/Fc + (calculated from 0.37 V vs Ag/AgCl) [46,52]. The redox characteristic of P1–P4 is slightly more negative compared to the non-bridged counterparts, namely poly(bithiophene) [48–50] and poly(biselenophene) [51] (both show E onset at ca.…”

“…Cyclic voltammograms of polymers P1–P4 in a monomer-free electrolyte showed broad and unstructured redox waves typical for conducting polymers reflecting the inhomogeneity of the material containing various electrophoric moieties due to variations in the (conjugated) chain length and conformational issues [52]. As well the relatively large shifts of the peak potentials with increasing scan rate, which are due to reduced diffusion of counter ions through the film, hinder the exact determination of redox potentials and trends among the derivatives of the series.…”

Broadly Applicable Synthesis of Heteroarylated Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrroles for Advanced Organic Materials – Part 1: Conducting Electropolymers

“…With increasing number of cycles during the polymerization, new redox waves at lower potentials appear and the currents were continuously increasing, because the formed and reactive radical cations undergo coupling at the α-positions and initialize the polymerization according to the well-accepted mechanism for oxidative polymerization of five-membered heterocycles and related monomers such as thiophenes or pyrroles. 16 Dark blue films of conducting p(DTP)s started to form on the surface of the working electrode with increasing number of scans and increasing currents of these signals indicate the growth of the polymer film. After 10 cycles, the electrodes were washed and then subjected to several scans in a monomer-free electrolyte solution until a stable current response was obtained.…”

Revisiting the Redox Transitions of Polyaniline. Semiquantitative Interpretation of Electrochemically Induced IR Bands

“…The electrochemical oxidation of resonant aromatic molecules such as pyrrole, thiophene, aniline and their derivatives has become one of the main methods used to prepare conjugated, electronically conducting polymers [3,4]. Polyaniline (PANI) and its derivatives are probably the most studied conducting polymers synthesized by electrochemical methods [5][6][7][8].…”