Electrochemistry of a nonaqueous lithium/sulfur cell

Yamin, H.; Peled, E.

doi:10.1016/0378-7753(83)87029-3

Cited by 340 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The early-stage research in Li-S batteries was initiated three decades ago 6,7 , but the spotlight did not return to this battery system until there was a renewed interest in electric vehicles in recent years. The major impediments to the development of Li-S batteries are low active material utilization, poor cycle life and low charge efficiency 8 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Lithium–sulphur batteries with a microporous carbon paper as a bifunctional interlayer

2012

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The limitations in the cathode capacity compared with that of the anode have been an impediment to advance the lithium-ion battery technology. The lithium-sulphur system is appealing in this regard, as sulphur exhibits an order of magnitude higher capacity than the currently used cathodes. However, low active material utilization and poor cycle life hinder the practicality of lithium-sulphur batteries. Here we report a simple adjustment to the traditional lithium-sulphur battery configuration to achieve high capacity with a long cycle life and rapid charge rate. With a bifunctional microporous carbon paper between the cathode and separator, we observe a significant improvement not only in the active material utilization but also in capacity retention, without involving complex synthesis or surface modification. The insertion of a microporous carbon interlayer decreases the internal charge transfer resistance and localizes the soluble polysulphide species, facilitating a commercially feasible means of fabricating the lithium-sulphur batteries.

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Lithium–sulphur batteries with a microporous carbon paper as a bifunctional interlayer

2012

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“…During the discharge of Li-S batteries, solid S cathodes go through a series of soluble polysulphide species (Li 2 S 8 , Li 2 S 6 and Li 2 S 4 ) and become solid Li 2 S 2 and Li 2 S 5,6 . During charging, Li 2 S 2 and Li 2 S are converted back to S via soluble polysulphide intermediates 7,8 . The dissolution of polysulphides in the electrolyte leads to the shuttle effect and uncontrolled deposition of S, Li 2 S 2 and Li 2 S, which is believed to be the main reason for low Coulombic efficiency and rapid capacity fade in Li-S batteries 6,8,9 .…”

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Improving lithium–sulphur batteries through spatial control of sulphur species deposition on a hybrid electrode surface

et al. 2014

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Lithium-sulphur batteries are attractive owing to their high theoretical energy density and reasonable kinetics. Despite the success of trapping soluble polysulphides in a matrix with high surface area, spatial control of solid-state sulphur and lithium sulphide species deposition as a critical aspect has not been demonstrated. Herein, we show a clear visual evidence that these solid species deposit preferentially onto tin-doped indium oxide instead of carbon during electrochemical charge/discharge of soluble polysuphides. To incorporate this concept of spatial control into more practical battery electrodes, we further prepare carbon nanofibers with tin-doped indium oxide nanoparticles decorating the surface as hybrid three-dimensional electrodes to maximize the number of deposition sites. With 12.5 ml of 5 M Li 2 S 8 as the catholyte and a rate of C/5, we can reach the theoretical limit of Li 2 S 8 capacity B1,470 mAh g À 1 (sulphur weight) under the loading of hybrid electrode only at 4.3 mg cm À 2 .

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“…The application of high-capacity electrode-active materials is essential for the fabrication of such batteries. Lithium/sulfur batteries have attracted attention because of their high theoretical energy densities based on the high capacities of sulfur in positive electrode materials (Yamin and Peled, 1983;Ji et al, 2009;Bruce et al, 2012;Schuster et al, 2012). However, the use of sulfurcarbon composites is required to activate insulating sulfur, and the composites require large amounts of carbon to achieve high performance, which decreases their energy density.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Reversibility of “Soft” Electrode Materials in All-Solid-State Batteries

Sakuda¹,

Takeuchi²,

Shikano³

et al. 2016

Front. Energy Res.

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All-solid-state batteries using inorganic solid electrolytes (SEs) are considered to be ideal batteries for electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles because they are potentially safer than conventional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In addition, all-solid-state batteries are expected to have long battery life owing to the inhibition of chemical side reactions because only lithium ions move through the typically used inorganic SEs. The development of high-energy density (more than 300 Wh kg −1 ) secondary batteries has been eagerly anticipated for years. The application of high-capacity electrode active materials is essential for fabricating such batteries. Recently, we proposed metal polysulfides as new electrode materials. These materials show higher conductivity and density than sulfur, which is advantageous for fabricating batteries with relatively higher energy density. Lithium niobium sulfides, such as Li3NbS4, have relatively high density, conductivity, and rate capability among metal polysulfide materials, and batteries with these materials have capacities high enough to potentially exceed the gravimetric-energy density of conventional LIBs. Favorable solid-solid contact between the electrode and electrolyte particles is a key factor for fabricating high performance all-solid-state batteries. Conventional oxide-based positive electrode materials tend to give rise to cracks during fabrication and/or charge-discharge processes. Here, we report all-solid-state cells using lithium niobium sulfide as a positive electrode material, where favorable solid-solid contact was established by using lithium sulfide electrode materials because of their high processability. Cracks were barely observed in the electrode particles in the all-solid-state cells before or after charging and discharging with a high capacity of approximately 400 mAh g −1 suggesting that the lithium niobium sulfide electrode charged and discharged without experiencing substantial mechanical damage. As a result, the all-solid-state cells retained more than 90% of their initial capacity after 200 cycles of charging and discharging at 0.5 mA cm −2 .

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Electrochemistry of a nonaqueous lithium/sulfur cell

Cited by 340 publications

References 2 publications

Lithium–sulphur batteries with a microporous carbon paper as a bifunctional interlayer

Lithium–sulphur batteries with a microporous carbon paper as a bifunctional interlayer

Improving lithium–sulphur batteries through spatial control of sulphur species deposition on a hybrid electrode surface

High Reversibility of “Soft” Electrode Materials in All-Solid-State Batteries

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