Electrochemistry in sensing of molecular interactions of proteins and their behavior in an electric field

Abstract

Electrochemical methods can be used not only for the sensitive analysis of proteins but also for deeper research into their structure, transport functions (transfer of electrons and protons), and sensing their interactions with soft and solid surfaces. Last but not least, electrochemical tools are useful for investigating the effect of an electric field on protein structure, the direct application of electrochemical methods for controlling protein function, or the micromanipulation of supramolecular protein structures. There are many experimental arrangements (modalities), from the classic configuration that works with an electrochemical cell to miniaturized electrochemical sensors and microchip platforms. The support of computational chemistry methods which appropriately complement the interpretation framework of experimental results is also important. This text describes recent directions in electrochemical methods for the determination of proteins and briefly summarizes available methodologies for the selective labeling of proteins using redox-active probes. Attention is also paid to the theoretical aspects of electron transport and the effect of an external electric field on the structure of selected proteins. Instead of providing a comprehensive overview, we aim to highlight areas of interest that have not been summarized recently, but, at the same time, represent current trends in the field. Graphical abstract

Electrochemical Oxidation Treatment of Organic Matter in Wastewater from Wet Fermentation of Yunnan Arabica Coffee

“…Overall, the addition of O 3 oxidant exhibits a negative effect on the removal of NH 3 -N from coffee wastewater. Electrochemical oxidation of protein can produce peptides with structures similar to those of tyrosine and tryptophan, i.e., amino acids containing amino groups [22,23]. Therefore, the increase in the pollutant concentration after the combined treatment of coffee wastewater with electrochemical oxidation and oxidant is caused by NH 3 -N in the degradation products.…”

“…Therefore, the increase in the pollutant concentration after the combined treatment of coffee wastewater with electrochemical oxidation and oxidant is caused by NH 3 -N in the degradation products. of tyrosine and tryptophan, i.e., amino acids containing amino groups [22,23]. Therefore, the increase in the pollutant concentration after the combined treatment of coffee wastewater with electrochemical oxidation and oxidant is caused by NH3-N in the degradation products.…”

“…However, the simultaneous addition of FeCl2 and enhancement of the current would slow down the rate of COD decrease, especially at a current intensity of 40 A. During the electrochemical oxidation process without the of tyrosine and tryptophan, i.e., amino acids containing amino groups [22,23]. Therefore, the increase in the pollutant concentration after the combined treatment of coffee wastewater with electrochemical oxidation and oxidant is caused by NH3-N in the degradation products.…”

Computational Frontiers in Aptamer-Based Nanomedicine for Precision Therapeutics: A Comprehensive Review

“…Aptamers are a novel family of biorecognition elements with potential uses in therapeutic, diagnostic, and sensing fields shown in Figure . Their interaction with targets may enhance protein stability in addition to the resistance against denaturation. , Both the World Health Organisation and the National Institute of Health define biomarkers like any compound, structure, or procedure the fact that can be determined as the body while participating have an impact on or predict the likelihood of a condition or result. − Similarly, biomarkers are characteristics that are objectively determined and assessed as a representation of biological processes that are normal, pathogenic, or pharmacologic reactions to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarker discovery and validation is one of the most fascinating areas of biological research. , For this, a variety of proteomics techniques are used.…”

Bielectrode Strategy for Determination of CYP2E1 Catalytic Activity: Electrodes with Bactosomes and Voltammetric Determination of 6-Hydroxychlorzoxazone

“…For studying the functional characteristics of hemoproteins, electrochemical methods are widely used, making it possible to investigate the reduction potentials, thermodynamics, and kinetics of chemical reactions related to electron transfer [5][6][7][8][9]. The utilization of electrochemical systems is one of the contemporary approaches for evaluating the activity of cytochromes P450.…”