Electrochemistry‐Based Light‐Emitting Mobile Systems

Salinas, Gerardo; Pavel, Ileana‐Alexandra; Šojić, Nešo; Kuhn, Alexander

doi:10.1002/celc.202001104

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…The different approaches for designing light‐emitting dynamic systems, based on fluorescence, [ 28,29 ] chemiluminescence, [ 30 ] (electro)chemiluminescence, [ 31 ] or microelectronics, [ 32 ] have been recently summarized. [ 33 ] Among the various approaches, the use of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) as active ingredients is a very versatile concept to generate motion, [ 32 ] for remote steering [ 34 ] or for pumping and mixing of liquids in the presence of AC electric fields. [ 35 ] With a similar philosophy, light‐emitting crawlers have been prepared by functionalizing micro‐LEDs with conducting polymers [ 36 ] and by using IR‐LEDs integrated in a polymeric structure, presenting controlled motion and actuation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Chemotactic Light‐Emitting Swimmers with Trajectories of Increasing Complexity

Pavel

Salinas

Perro

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Miniaturized autonomous swimmers have become more and more important in many areas of research due to various fields of use, ranging from biomedical to environmental tasks. Precise and predictable control of their trajectories is a key ingredient for increasing their application potential. This can be typically achieved by using external forces such as magnetic or electric fields. An interesting alternative is to use intrinsic features of the swimmers, which allow them to exhibit chemotaxis. Such a built‐in “intelligence” enables more complex trajectories, relying on mechanisms that can be considered very basic analogs of decision‐making processes. Herein, autonomous light‐emitting chemoelectronic swimmers are presented that are able to navigate along trajectories with increasing complexity. Their decision‐making capacities are characterized by recording the light emitted along their path by a fully integrated light‐emitting diode. Chemotaxis is found to be the main driving force behind their behavior, allowing envisioning such systems for solving complex maze patterns.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Chemotactic Light‐Emitting Swimmers with Trajectories of Increasing Complexity

Pavel

Salinas

Perro

et al. 2020

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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“…The light-emitting bipolar objects were called "ECL swimmers". ECL provides a direct monitoring of the object's motion, which is very useful in the context of autonomous swimmers (168,262). Blue ECL emission with the luminol system was also reported with the specificity that ECL was generated on the same pole of the BE as well as the dioxygen bubbles inducing its linear motion (169).…”

Section: Optical Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bipolar Electrochemistry

Bouffier¹,

Zigah

Šojić

et al. 2021

Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry

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Bipolar electrochemistry is a technique that involves two opposite chemical processes, namely an oxidation and a reduction, occurring simultaneously on the surface of a conducting object, usually without connection to a power supply. The basic phenomenon has already been described and used for many decades but regained a lot of interest in recent years, thanks to several attractive features for developing new applications in various areas ranging from materials science and analytical chemistry to catalysis and even life science. Consequently, bipolar electrochemistry has experienced a substantial growth in the number of users and publications. This is mostly due to several advantages over classic electrochemistry, such as the absence of an ohmic contact, the generation of a directional gradient of electroactivity on the object, and the possibility to address simultaneously thousands of objects, which opens the door for high throughput screening of (electro)chemical properties. Also, some features of this "wireless" electrochemistry allow performing experiments that cannot be achieved with a classic electrochemical setup. Last but not least, only rather low-cost equipment is needed. The objective of the present contribution is to introduce first some fundamental aspects of bipolar electrochemistry, and then to illustrate its different developments, highlighting not only the historic landmark achievements, but also the most recent findings, especially in the context of micro-and nanoscience. The chapter will illustrate the singularities and advantages of this straightforward approach and hopefully convince the reader of the power of this interesting electrochemical concept.

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“…In general, the analytical information is encoded by the electric current and the concomitant light emission, ensured by a direct electrical connection 31 . An alternative approach is the wireless operation of such devices, either by coupling thermodynamically spontaneous reactions to the terminals of the LED 32 or by using BPE 33 . In recent years, BPE has been used to power micro‐LED swimmers, 34,35 rocket‐like LED devices, 36 magnetically stirred macro‐LEDs, 37 or LED‐based light‐emitting crawlers 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid light‐emitting devices for the straightforward readout of chiral information

et al. 2021

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Bipolar electrochemistry has gained increasing attention in recent years as an attractive transduction concept in analytical chemistry in general and, more specifically, in the frame of chiral recognition. Herein, we use this concept of wireless electrochemistry, based on the combination of the enantioselective oxidation of a chiral probe with the emission of light from a light‐emitting diode (LED), as an alternative for an easy and straightforward readout of the presence of chiral molecules in solution. A hybrid polymer‐microelectronic device was designed, using an inherently chiral oligomer, that is, oligo‐(3,3′‐dibenzothiophene) and a polypyrrole strip as the anode and cathode of a miniaturized LED. The wireless induced redox reactions trigger light emission when the probe with the right chirality is present in solution, whereas no light emission is observed for the opposite enantiomer. The average light intensity shows a linear correlation with the analyte concentration, and the concept opens the possibility to quantify the enantiomeric excess in mixtures of the molecular antipodes.

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Electrochemistry‐Based Light‐Emitting Mobile Systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 123 publications

Autonomous Chemotactic Light‐Emitting Swimmers with Trajectories of Increasing Complexity

Autonomous Chemotactic Light‐Emitting Swimmers with Trajectories of Increasing Complexity

Bipolar Electrochemistry

Hybrid light‐emitting devices for the straightforward readout of chiral information

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