Electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium and its applications in bioanalysis: a review

Wei, Hui; Wang, Erkang

doi:10.1002/bio.1279

Cited by 108 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(148 reference statements)

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“…The metallopolymers, [Ru(bpy) 2 was diluted in 1.8 mL of methanol and 200 mLofNaon (5% w/v mixture of low molecular weight alcohols) was added. The mediator was found to precipitate at higher concentrations.…”

Section: Materials and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights into electrochemiluminescent enhancement through electrode surface modification

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Forster

et al. 2013

Analyst

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/42668/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the and PVP is poly(4-vinylpyridine). Through a combination of ground state electrochemical studies and ECL measurements, the ECL efficiency for each film is determined. This study reveals that despite a dramatic influence in charge transfer rates between metal centres, as observed for the conducting polymer, mediated through the conducting polymer backbone, a corresponding increase in ECL efficiency is not always observed. The degree of communication between the adjacent excited state metal centres are an important consideration for ECL enhancement however self quenching, luminophore distribution and film porosity must also be considered.

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Section: Materials and Reagentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This pH was chosen as a near neutral pH is highly desirable for biological applications. The reaction scheme for the generation of ECL between a ruthenium containing metallopolymer and oxalic acid has been well documented [14][15][16]24 and occurs according to the reaction scheme; 5,12,19 [Ru(bpy) 2 …”

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confidence: 99%

Insights into electrochemiluminescent enhancement through electrode surface modification

O’Reilly

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Forster

et al. 2013

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“…[Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ is one the most important ECL reagents and the most widely used complexes for analytical investigations and applications owing to their excellent intrinsic characteristics. [17][18][19][20] It has been widely employed in biological matrixes, 21 pharmaceutical 22 and some drugs containing tertiary amine functional group 21,[23][24][25] due to its continuance, sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity toward many target analytes. 21,24,26,27 Generally, the amino group present in amine produces a secondary amine following by a dealkylation process in the presence of water.…”

Section: Ketamine (K) [2-(-o-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-cyclohexanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalytical Sensing of Ketamine Using Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

Lledo-Fernandéz

Pollard

Kruanetr

2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electro-analytical sensing of Ketamine is reported for the first time utilizing [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ as a Electrochemiluminescent reagent probe. The niche of this electro-analytical method is the lack of any sample pre-treatment as well as being cost and time effective. The methodology is shown to be useful for quantifying low levels, ng/mL, Ketamine in not only buffered solutions but also in an alcoholic beverage. We have successfully demonstrated the detection of Ketamine over a range of Ketamine concentrations 2000 ng/mL to 50 ng/mL in buffer solution. A linear response is observed (ECL emission/mV = 0.0098x+6.120, R 2 = 0.9915 and N = 5) with a detection limit of 33 ng/mL (based on 3-sigma). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of Ketamine in an alcoholic beverage sample -Gordon's Gin & Tonic. , is a synthetic, sedative, non-barbiturate, and fast acting anesthetic, which is able to block the receptor of N-methyl-d-asparate (NMDA) and is believed to affect opioid, adrenergic, cholinergic and serotonin receptors.1,2 Ketamine is a drug used in human and veterinary medicine, primarily for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, usually in combination with a sedative 3-5 (which is depicted in Figure 1).The increase in illicit use prompted ketamine's placement in Schedule III of the United States Controlled Substance Act in August 1999. 5,6 It became labeled a Class C drug on 1 January 2006 in the United Kingdom. 6 The recreational use of Ketamine has increased popularity worldwide over the last 10 years. 3,5 In fact, ketamine has surpassed other club drugs and even replaced heroin as the predominant drug of abuse in Hong Kong since the early 2000 7 with user experiencing hallucinations and a cataleptic state called the "K-hole." 5,6 Ketamine is generally analyzed by using immunoassays, 8 Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC-MS) 2,9,10 or Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) 11-13 methodologies in biological matrixes. The drawbacks to these methods are that the times for the analysis are longer than 6 minutes per sample and a liquidliquid extraction prior to analysis is also needed.14-16 Tu et al. 8 reported an electrochemical impedimetric immunosensor for determining Ketamine in buffered samples. This method offers very low detection limits.Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is an advantageous analytical tool, which is cost effective, portable and fast. [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ is one the most important ECL reagents and the most widely used complexes for analytical investigations and applications owing to their excellent intrinsic characteristics. [17][18][19][20] It has been widely employed in biological matrixes, 21 pharmaceutical 22 and some drugs containing tertiary amine functional group 21,23-25 due to its continuance, sensitivity, reproducibility and selectivity toward many target analytes. 21,24,26,27 Generally, the amino group present in amine produces a secondary amine following by a dealkylation process in the presence of water. The radical cation of the ami...

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“…Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 -based ECLs have been applied in many analytical areas due to their versatility, simplified optical setup, good reproducibility and acceptable sensitivity [8][9][10][11]. Recently, as a new immobilization approach, Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 -doped silica nanoparticles (RuSiNPs), incorporating Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 into silica material, have got great attention in ECL studies since this approach prevents Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 leaking from the electrode surface effectively, and provides a suitable surface for enzymes to contact directly [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemiluminescence glucose biosensor based on glucose dehydrogenase functionalized Ru(bpy)3 2+ doped silica nanoparticles

Guo

Chen

2011

Sci. China Chem.

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A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing approach was developed for glucose detection based on crosslinking Ru(bpy) 3 Cl 2 -doped silica nanoparticles (RuSiNPs) with glucose dehydrogenase on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Glutaraldehyde and aminopropyltrimethoxysilane were used as linking agents, and chitosan was used to immobilize the composites onto the GCE surface. The ECL sensor presented good characteristics in terms of stability and reproducibility. Under optimized conditions, the linear response of ECL intensity to glucose concentration was valid in the range of 0.2 to 20 mmol/L (R 2 = 0.9962). The application results indicated that the proposed approach is with great potential in the determination of glucose.

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Electrochemiluminescence of tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium and its applications in bioanalysis: a review

Cited by 108 publications

References 67 publications

Insights into electrochemiluminescent enhancement through electrode surface modification

Insights into electrochemiluminescent enhancement through electrode surface modification

Electroanalytical Sensing of Ketamine Using Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence

Electrochemiluminescence glucose biosensor based on glucose dehydrogenase functionalized Ru(bpy)3 2+ doped silica nanoparticles

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