Electrochemically Powered, Energy‐Conserving Carbon Nanotube Artificial Muscles

Lee, Jun Young; Li, Na; Haines, Carter S.; Kim, Keon Jung; Lepró, Xavier; Ovalle‐Robles, Raquel; Kim, Seon Jeong; Baughman, Ray H.

doi:10.1002/adma.201700870

Cited by 124 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These are similar to those of commercial shape‐memory metals, which can reach 1 or 2% . In addition, the electrochemically powered CNT yarn made from CNT forest can delivered a much higher contractile energy conversion efficiency of 5.4% …”

Section: Functional Components Of Stimesmentioning

confidence: 52%

Smart Textile‐Integrated Microelectronic Systems for Wearable Applications

et al. 2019

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The programmable nature of smart textiles makes them an indispensable part of an emerging new technology field. Smart textile‐integrated microelectronic systems (STIMES), which combine microelectronics and technology such as artificial intelligence and augmented or virtual reality, have been intensively explored. A vast range of research activities have been reported. Many promising applications in healthcare, the internet of things (IoT), smart city management, robotics, etc., have been demonstrated around the world. A timely overview and comprehensive review of progress of this field in the last five years are provided. Several main aspects are covered: functional materials, major fabrication processes of smart textile components, functional devices, system architectures and heterogeneous integration, wearable applications in human and nonhuman‐related areas, and the safety and security of STIMES. The major types of textile‐integrated nonconventional functional devices are discussed in detail: sensors, actuators, displays, antennas, energy harvesters and their hybrids, batteries and supercapacitors, circuit boards, and memory devices.

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Section: Functional Components Of Stimesmentioning

confidence: 52%

Smart Textile‐Integrated Microelectronic Systems for Wearable Applications

et al. 2019

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“…Volumetric expansion in the twisted nanofiber yarns can be achieved via different mechanisms including volumetric thermal expansion of a guest material ( Figure A–K), volumetric expansion of a guest material due to physical absorption (Figure P), and charge injection in the double layer (Figure M–O) . Torsional actuation can be obtained from the shape‐memory effect as well.…”

Section: Artificial Muscles: Working Mechanism Properties and Limitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges

2017

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The area of artificial muscle is a highly interdisciplinary field of research that has evolved rapidly in the last 30 years. Recent advances in nanomaterial fabrication and characterization, specifically carbon nanotubes and nanowires, have had major contributions in the development of artificial muscles. However, what can artificial muscles really do for humans? This question is considered here by first examining nature's solutions to this design problem and then discussing the structure, actuation mechanism, applications, and limitations of recently developed artificial muscles, including highly oriented semicrystalline polymer fibers; nanocomposite actuators; twisted nanofiber yarns; thermally activated shape-memory alloys; ionic-polymer/metal composites; dielectric-elastomer actuators; conducting polymers; stimuli-responsive gels; piezoelectric, electrostrictive, magnetostrictive, and photostrictive actuators; photoexcited actuators; electrostatic actuators; and pneumatic actuators.

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“…Heating the twist‐oriented polymer fibers induces a partial untwisting due to their anisotropic thermal volume expansion . When formed into coils, this fiber untwist causes length changes in the coil and similar behavior has been observed in twisted and coiled carbon nanotube yarns and by using chemical or electrochemical stimuli to generate the volume changes. The relationship between fiber twist and fiber volume has been successfully modeled based on the geometry of a single helix .…”

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confidence: 67%

Double Helix Actuators

Shepherd

Spinks

2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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Tensile actuators that reversibly generate large length change strokes are of great interest in many biomedical and robotic applications. Guest–host composite materials comprising volume change guests with multi‐filament yarn hosts can be exploited as large stroke tensile actuators when the fiber host is formed into helices. Here, a new type of double helix actuator is introduced by plying two yarns together. The helical geometry suggests large length contractions are possible when the ply angle approaches the limit of 45° and when the yarn swells predominantly in the diameter direction as it occurs when reinforcing filaments are aligned in the yarn direction. Prototype double helix actuators are constructed from cotton yarn infused with a water‐swellable hydrogel. A series of actuator samples are made with differing ply angles and the length changes monitored during repeated hydration/dehydration cycles. Water swelling causes length contractions of up to 9% and it increases in magnitude with an increase in ply twist. The experimental results are in good agreement with those calculated using the helical geometry model.

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Electrochemically Powered, Energy‐Conserving Carbon Nanotube Artificial Muscles

Cited by 124 publications

References 22 publications

Smart Textile‐Integrated Microelectronic Systems for Wearable Applications

Smart Textile‐Integrated Microelectronic Systems for Wearable Applications

Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Challenges

Double Helix Actuators

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