Ëlectrochemically obtained tin – Part I

Peneva, S. K.; Djuneva, K.D.; Rusanov, V.

doi:10.1524/zkri.1992.202.14.191

Cited by 2 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The second check was a DSC study of the behaviour of tin chloride hydroxides, since the XPS investigations [4] have shown the existence of some chemically bonded chlorine inside the reaction products of SnCl 2 with Mg and Al. It is believed that the chlorine is concentrated mainly on the particles' surfaces since the Mössbauer data have shown no peak corresponding to chlorine-containing tin compounds [1][2][3]. A typical DSC heating curve of tin chloride hydroxides is shown in figure 2(a).…”

Section: The Solid-solid Phase Transition Of Tinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present paper is a continuation of recent transmission electron microscopy, electron diffraction, x-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations on the products of reduction of SnCl 2 aqueous solutions with Mg and Al [1][2][3][4]. The objects of interest are tin structures (states) different from the known β-Sn and defined according to the observed Mössbauer spectra as α 2 -Sn and β 2 -Sn types [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The α 2 -Sn types possess unusually high isometric shifts δ explained in terms of the participation of d electrons in their chemical bonding. So far α 2 -Sn, β 2 -Sn and the solid-solid transition of α 2 -Sn to β 2 -Sn have been described [2]. It is shown also that there are a number of discrete crystalline states of tin with structures very close but not identical to that of β-Sn.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It is shown also that there are a number of discrete crystalline states of tin with structures very close but not identical to that of β-Sn. These so-called 'excited-β-structures' co-exist with β-Sn and with β 2 -Sn in the reaction products obtained by reduction of SnCl 2 with Mg and Al [2,3]. It is believed that some excited-β-Sn convert themselves into β-Sn during ageing [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These so-called 'excited-β-structures' co-exist with β-Sn and with β 2 -Sn in the reaction products obtained by reduction of SnCl 2 with Mg and Al [2,3]. It is believed that some excited-β-Sn convert themselves into β-Sn during ageing [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A calorimetric study of tin grown by reduction of with Mg

Avramova

Peneva

1996

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Tin grown by reduction of with Mg is investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A large endothermic peak is observed before the melting peak of -Sn during the first heating. This peak is characterized by an enthalpy almost double the melting enthalpy of -Sn. It is demonstrated that the existence of this maximum is to be attributed to a monotropic solid - solid transition of the initial metastable structure of tin in -Sn. It is found that the temperature of transition depends strongly on the heating rate whereas the position of the melting peak of -Sn is unchanged. The determined activation energy of the solid - solid transition is . The first grown metastable modification remains practically unchanged even after three years of storage. The irreversible solid state transition observed by DSC cannot be registered by x-ray diffraction. The peculiarity in the structure of the reduction product studied is also confirmed by its crystallization behaviour. Molten samples crystallize at temperature more than lower than of the bulk Sn. The oxidation of Sn during the heating in air is also discussed.

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Section: The Solid-solid Phase Transition Of Tinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A calorimetric study of tin grown by reduction of with Mg

Avramova

Peneva

1996

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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A [sup 119]Sn Mössbauer Spectrometry Study of Li-SnO Anode Materials for Li-Ion Cells

Hightower

Delcroix

Caër

et al. 2000

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A high specific energy has generated widespread scientific and technical interest in Li-ion cells for secondary batteries. This high specific energy density is derived from the high cell voltage, typically 4 V (vs. 1.3 V for a typical Ni-MH secondary battery). The Li densities in the cathode and anode materials are modest, however, and it is hoped that higher capacities of these electrodes will lead to further increases in the specific energies of Li-ion cells. Anode and cathode materials are now subjects of numerous investigations. [1][2][3] Huggins performed some early work on alloy anodes. 4,5 Recently, Ioda et al., of Fujifilm Celltec Co., Ltd., announced a new class of anode material comprising a composite Sn oxide glass. 6,7 These Sn oxide glasses have a reversible capacity of approximately twice that of carbon materials but unfortunately exhibit a large irreversible capacity and problems with capacity fade after tens of charge-discharge cycles.Early evidence was that the Li inserted in the Sn oxide glass material was ionic, 7 but Courtney et al. have provided convincing evidence for the formation of metallic Sn and Sn-Li alloys during Li insertion. [8][9][10] The general picture is that Li will reduce the Sn oxides to metallic Sn. Further studies on the mechanism of Li insertion in tin oxides and alloys have been performed by Mao et al. 11,12 with 119 Sn Mössbauer spectrometry measurements using a sealed cell. With increasing Li concentration in the anode material, a series of Li-Sn phases were observed by X-ray diffractometry, 13 including Li 22 Sn 5 , which represents an increase in volume over that of pure ␤-Sn by a factor of 3.6. Courtney and Dahn argued that since the increase in specific volume induces large local stresses, the cycle life of the electrode is poor when the Sn-rich regions in the electrode are large. [8][9][10][11][12][13] The role of microstructure on cycle life of Sn oxide anodes remains poorly understood, however.Althought the Fujifilm Celltec material has not yet been used for products in the marketplace, its promise has prompted a number of investigations into other Sn and Sn oxide materials that can be used as anodes in Li-ion cells. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] One of the present authors has studied the insertion of Li into SnO,14 showing again that the Li served to reduce the Sn, and a Li-Sn alloy was formed at higher Li concentrations. Here we report results of 119 Sn Mössbauer spectrometry measurements at 11 and 300 K on partially and fully charged Li-SnO anode materials. We present detailed measurements of the recoil-free fractions (RFF) of the anode materials, and we show that the RFFs of the Sn oxide in the anode is anomalous, indicative of atomic-scale heterogeneities in the distribution of Sn atoms. Similar results are reported for the ␤-Sn in the anode material, although the contribution from the ␤-Sn is not definitively resolved from the Li 22 Sn 5 . We also present results from a study on the deterioration of Li-charged anode materials and Li-Sn alloys dur...

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Ëlectrochemically obtained tin – Part I

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

A calorimetric study of tin grown by reduction of with Mg

A calorimetric study of tin grown by reduction of with Mg

A [sup 119]Sn Mössbauer Spectrometry Study of Li-SnO Anode Materials for Li-Ion Cells

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