Electrochemically Induced Synthesis of Poly(2,6-carbazole)

Abstract

The formation of a poly(2,6-carbazole) derivative during an electrochemical polymerization process is shown. Comparison of 3,5-bis(9-octyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)pyridine and 3,5-bis(9-octyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)pyridine by electrochemical and UV-Vis-NIR spectroelectrochemical measurements and DFT (density functional theory) calculation prove the formation of a poly(2,6-carbazole) derivative. Both of the compounds form stable and electroactive conjugated polymers.

Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds

“…This analysis provides information regarding the optical band-gap, maximum wavelength of undoped and doped states, and isosbestic points of the electrochemical process. Calculate the optical band-gaps from onset values of π-π * bands on the UV-Vis spectra and using Equation 3 18 19 23 24 . (3) where h is Planck’s constant, λ onset is compound absorption onset, and c is the speed of light in vacuum.…”

“…Coupling electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods allows for easy, accurate, and reliable determination of the degree of oxidation or reduction of conjugated compounds and their degradation potential, which is crucial for stability 23 24 25 26 27 28 . Ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy coupled with electrochemistry can characterize the fundamental chromatic properties of all new conjugated compounds, such as the changing of the absorption band during doping 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 .…”

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Tool for Electrochemical Rate Constant Estimation

“…The CV technique has broad applications, e.g. , energy levels estimations 4 5 6 , the charge carriers analysis supported by spectroscopies 7 8 9 10 , up to surface modifications 11 12 13 . Like every method, CV is not perfect and to increase the applicability and quality of results, the connection with another spectroscopic technique is important.…”

Raman and IR Spectroelectrochemical Methods as Tools to Analyze Conjugated Organic Compounds

“…The second technique is Raman spectroelectrochemistry; a technique combining both electrochemistry and Raman spectroscopy, commonly used in the investigation of the potentially-induced structural changes in the deposited layer of conjugated polymers 11 , like polyaniline 12 , polypyrroles 13 , polycarbazole 14 or PEDOT 15 . Additionally to polymeric films, monolayers can be also tested 19 20 21 , though in this case metallic substrates, like gold or platinum, are preferred.…”