Electrochemically-functionalized CNT/ABTS nanozyme enabling sensitive and selective voltammetric detection of microalbuminuria

Carbon-Based Enzyme Mimetics for Electrochemical Biosensing

“…Lin and Lin prepared a CNT-based nanozyme by cyclic voltammetric functionalization of CNTs with 2,20-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The corresponding sensor was applied to the determination of human serum albumin (HSA) in neat urine [ 23 ]. The kinetics of adsorption and the electrochemical oxidation of HSA at the modified electrodes were investigated, and a sensitive method was developed for the point-of-care diagnosis of microalbuminuria.…”

“…However, a weak enzymatic activity was observed, and so, in order to obtain an electrochemical response high enough to reach the required sensitivity, HRP was also incorporated into the MoS 2 /MWCNTs conjugate. Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of the selected methods commented above as well as of other recently reported applications of carbon nanotube-based nanozymes [ 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 26 ].…”

A mechanical biosensor based on membrane-mediated magneto-stress-electric coupled sensitization for human serum albumin detection

“…In addition, a comparison between other biosensors previously reported for HSA analysis and the developed MSEC-MMBs is shown in Table 1. The cost of the MSEC-MMBs was less than that of the electrochemical sensing platform based on electrochemical oxidation 24 of HSA in urine. Especially, the developed MSEC-MMBs exhibited a lower LOD than that of other biosensors for HSA detection.…”

“…22 Hence, the accurate detection of HSA is of vital importance to the early discovery and treatment of nephropathy. Various strategies were applied to HSA detection, including an electrochemical platform, [23][24][25] dye detection 26 and so on. The electrochemical biosensing platform possessed a good performance; however, a professional electrochemical workstation was expensive.…”

Enhancing On-Skin Analysis: A Microfluidic Device and Smartphone Imaging Module for Real-Time Quantitative Detection of Multianalytes in Sweat

“…Sweat, a byproduct of the body’s metabolic processes, contains a diverse array of metabolites and potential biomarkers (such as amino acids, catechol amines, glucose, chloride ions, ammonium ions, creatinine, urea, alcohols, uric acid, etc. ). − This intricate mixture offers valuable insights into electrolyte balance, blood glucose levels, hydration status, and personalized health assessment. − Notably, amino acids like tryptophan (Trp) and tyrosine (Tyr), serving as precursors for serotonin and catecholamine neurotransmitters, exert a pivotal influence on intricate neural systems and mental well-being. ,− Furthermore, sweat acts as a carrier for various biomolecules, including ammonia and creatinine (Crt), both of which are associated with renal function. − Ammonia, produced during protein catabolism, accumulates during exercise, potentially affecting physiological equilibrium. , Its elimination through sweat, along with creatinine, has established correlations between their concentrations in both blood and sweat. This dynamic relationship makes them potential indicators for kidney health assessment.…”