Electrochemically driven mechanical energy harvesting

Kim, Sangtae; Choi, Soon Ju; Zhao, Kejie; Yang, Hui; Gobbi, Giorgia; Zhang, Sulin; Li, Ju

doi:10.1038/ncomms10146

Cited by 138 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

142

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Kim et al 94 developed a prototype mechanical energy harvester (Fig. 6a), consisting of two identical electrodes sandwiching a separator soaked with electrolyte.…”

Section: From Electrochemical-mechanics Coupling To Mechanical Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6a), consisting of two identical electrodes sandwiching a separator soaked with electrolyte. 94 Amorphous prelithiated Si (Li x Si, x~3.1) thin films were used as the electrodes for its mechanical flexibility and reasonable lithiation and delithiation rates. Ethylene carbonate mixed with ethyl methyl carbonate, LiPF 6 and micro-porous polypropylene monolayer 95 were used as the electrolyte, Li salt and separator, respectively.…”

Section: From Electrochemical-mechanics Coupling To Mechanical Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The device goes back to its original equilibrium state and can bend back and forth for thousands of cycles provided that it operates in the viscoelastic regime without any irreversible damage. 94 …”

Section: From Electrochemical-mechanics Coupling To Mechanical Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Chemomechanical modeling of lithiation-induced failure in high-volume-change electrode materials for lithium ion batteries

Zhang

2017

npj Comput Mater

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The rapidly increasing demand for efficient energy storage systems in the last two decades has stimulated enormous efforts to the development of high-capacity, high-power, durable lithium ion batteries. Inherent to the high-capacity electrode materials is material degradation and failure due to the large volumetric changes during the electrochemical cycling, causing fast capacity decay and low cycle life. This review surveys recent progress in continuum-level computational modeling of the degradation mechanisms of high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. Using silicon (Si) as an example, we highlight the strong coupling between electrochemical kinetics and mechanical stress in the degradation process. We show that the coupling phenomena can be tailored through a set of materials design strategies, including surface coating and porosity, presenting effective methods to mitigate the degradation. Validated by the experimental data, the modeling results lay down a foundation for engineering, diagnosis, and optimization of high-performance lithium ion batteries.

show abstract

“…Kim et al 94 developed a prototype mechanical energy harvester (Fig. 6a), consisting of two identical electrodes sandwiching a separator soaked with electrolyte.…”

Section: From Electrochemical-mechanics Coupling To Mechanical Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: From Electrochemical-mechanics Coupling To Mechanical Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chemomechanical modeling of lithiation-induced failure in high-volume-change electrode materials for lithium ion batteries

Zhang

2017

npj Comput Mater

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…operando indentation provides a perfect platform to characterize the chemomechanical behaviors of materials during the dynamic process of electrochemical reactions. In the future, it will help to unravel a variety of phenomena in energy materials involving the intimate interactions between mechanics and electrochemistry, such as stress-regulated ion diffusion and electron transfer, 66 concurrent processes of plasticity and reaction, 62,22 corrosive fracture, 67 and mechanical stability of electrodes in the long-term performance of batteries. 68 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operando Nanoindentation: A New Platform to Measure the Mechanical Properties of Electrodes during Electrochemical Reactions

Vasconcelos

Zhao

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present an experimental platform of operando nanoindentation that probes the dynamic mechanical behaviors of electrodes during real-time electrochemical reactions. The setup consists of a nanoindenter, an electrochemical station, and a custom fluid cell integrated into an inert environment. We evaluate the influence of the argon atmosphere, electrolyte solution, structural degradation and volumetric change of electrodes upon Li reactions, as well as the surface layer and substrate effects by control experiments. Results inform on the system limitations and capabilities, and provide guidelines on the best experimental practices. Furthermore, we present a thorough investigation of the elastic-viscoplastic properties of amorphous Si electrodes, during cell operation at different C-rates and at open circuit. Pure Li metal is characterized separately. We measure the continuous evolution of the elastic modulus, hardness, and creep stress exponent of lithiated Si and compare the results with prior reports. operando indentation will provide a reliable platform to understand the fundamental coupling between mechanics and electrochemistry in energy materials. photovoltaics, 7 and hydrogen storage. 8 The electrochemical reactions between the host material and guest species induce deformation, stress, fracture, and fatigue which cause ohmic and thermal resistance increase, and performance degradation. Likewise, mechanical stresses regulate mass transport, charge transfer, interfacial reactions, and consequently the potential and capacity of electrochemical systems. 9 In batteries, mechanical degradation compromises the performance of current technologies [10][11][12] and limits the implementation of high-capacity electrodes.13,14 Mechanics of both anode and cathode materials, such as diffusion-induced stresses, large deformation, plasticity, and fracture, have been extensively studied in recent years. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Nevertheless, the intimate coupling between mechanics and electrochemistry is far from complete understanding despite a considerable volume of existing studies. One major deficiency is the lack of reliable experimental tools to characterize the mechanical behaviors of electrodes under real electrochemical conditions. The operation of batteries is extremely sensitive to the work environment -a trace of oxygen and moisture can cause numerous side reactions. In contrast, most mechanical test equipment is open system with limited capability of environment control. As such, the mechanics and electrochemistry of batteries are often characterized separately. Recent studies propose that the mechanical response of materials at the chemical equilibrium states may differ from that under concurrent mechanical and chemical loads. 21,22 There is an urgent need for an experimental platform to probe the chemomechanical behaviors of electrodes in the course of electrochemical reactions. Current experimental tools have been able to provide valuable insight. Due to the generally small characteristic size and heterogen...

show abstract

“…Writing in Nature Communications, 1 Ju Li et al at MIT now report on the development of an electrochemically driven energy harvester for scavenging energy from mechanical motion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode stress device for electrochemical power

2016

NPG Asia Mater

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanical vibrational energy is ubiquitous and abundant throughout the ambient environment for powering the sustainable operations of integrated electronics and sensors in biomedical devices, wearable systems and robotics. Writing in Nature Communications, 1 Ju Li et al. at MIT now report on the development of an electrochemically driven energy harvester for scavenging energy from mechanical motion.Many approaches have been adopted to harvest mechanical energy including electromagnetic induction, electrostatic generation, piezoelectric and triboelectric effects. 2 In all these technologies, the conversion from mechanical energy to electrical power involves a physical process. As an example, in a piezoelectric harvester, electrical charges are induced in the strained piezoelectric materials due to the lack of inversion symmetry in the material's crystal structure. In a triboelectric energy harvester, the mechanically-induced triboelectrification between two dissimilar surfaces gives rise to a voltage.In contrast, Ju Li et al. demonstrated a novel approach to convert mechanical energy through an electrochemical route using a simple design and device structure that consists of two identical Li-alloyed Si electrodes and an electrolyte-soaked separator membrane. 1 Conventionally, the coupling between the mechanical stress and lithiation process is regarded as an adverse effect that occurs in the high-capacity anodes of lithium ion batteries. 3,4 In their work, 1 Li et al. utilized bending-induced asymmetric stresses in the two electrodes to generate a chemical potential difference that can drive the flux of lithium ions from the compressed to the stretched electrode (Figure 1). The corresponding electron flow in the exter\nal circuit gives rise to a voltage. This design and experimental approach is promising for practical use in harvesting mechanical energy from sources such as human activities and ambient vibrations.There are very few reports on any similar concepts or designs. Although the mechanicallydriven migration of lithium ions based on the piezoelectric effect has been previously demonstrated for directly converting mechanical energy into chemical energy, 5 Li's work utilizes a simpler device design based on stress-voltage coupling in an electrochemical process. More significantly, the output current from the demonstrated device is large with a long pulse duration, which is beneficial for practical applications. Small output currents with short pulse durations are usually the major limitation seen for other types of mechanical energy harvesters. Moreover, such an electrochemically driven mechanical energy harvester is efficient at scavenging very low-frequency mechanical signals from the ambient environment, for example, the human body, which are largely ignored and wasted in previous studies.This work has potential in many applications, such as flexible electronics, self-powered sensors, wearable devices, robotics, artificial skin and so on. Future work may involve acquiring a better understanding of the f...

show abstract

Electrochemically driven mechanical energy harvesting

Cited by 138 publications

References 37 publications

Chemomechanical modeling of lithiation-induced failure in high-volume-change electrode materials for lithium ion batteries

Chemomechanical modeling of lithiation-induced failure in high-volume-change electrode materials for lithium ion batteries

Operando Nanoindentation: A New Platform to Measure the Mechanical Properties of Electrodes during Electrochemical Reactions

Electrode stress device for electrochemical power

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About