Electrochemical transformations catalyzed by cytochrome P450s and peroxidases

Abstract

The electrochemistry of heme-containing enzymes (including cytochrome P450s and peroxidases) and their applications in electrosynthesis are reviewed.

Novel Cytochrome P450-3A4 Enzymatic Nanobiosensor for Lapatinib (a Breast Cancer Drug) Developed on a Poly(anilino-co-4-aminobenzoic Acid-Green-Synthesised Indium Nanoparticle) Platform

“…The biosensing mechanism developed by this method is based on the reactions shown in Scheme 2 wherein the transformation of lapatinib to its oxidized form is carried out using the electrons and oxygen molecules [ 101 ]. Naturally, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) molecules provide electrons to the enzyme, however, in voltametric measurements, the current flow from the electrode provides these electrons [ 102 , 103 , 104 ]. Scheme 2 provides a single-electron reduction of the low-spin ferric enzyme Fe 3+ to the high-spin ferrous enzyme Fe 2+ .…”

Recent developments in the enzymatic modifications of steroid scaffolds

“…The dependence of the P450 catalytic function on the cofactor NAD(P)H and redox partner proteins limits its practical applications. 47 One useful strategy is to engineer P450 monooxygenases into the peroxizyme forms, peroxygenase and peroxidase. 48 Using this approach, Bell and coworkers altered the C-16α hydroxylase CYP154C8 to a peroxygenase (over 100-fold peroxygenase activity) by the T258E variant.…”

Chiral Biocatalytic Oxidations at 90 °C in Microemulsions Driven by Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide

“…This can be accomplished by employing catalysts that selectively produce H 2 O 2 by reducing oxygen or oxidizing water. [13,14] This approach can avoid overoxidations and decomposition of the enzyme since continuous electrocatalytic production can control H 2 O 2 levels. It has been used with a range of catalysts including peroxidases, bioinspired chemical complexes, metal clusters, nanoparticles, and transition metal-based polyoxometalates.…”

“…It has been used with a range of catalysts including peroxidases, bioinspired chemical complexes, metal clusters, nanoparticles, and transition metal-based polyoxometalates. [13][14][15] A drawback of biocatalysis for industrial use is the inability of enzymes to withstand higher temperatures. Above temperatures of 40-50 °C, HRP begins to denature and loses activity, and complete denaturation and inactivation occur at > 50 °C.…”