Electrochemical technique for paper mill effluent degradation using concentric aluminum tube electrodes (CATE)

Bhagawati, Prashant Basavaraj; Shivayogimath, C. B.

doi:10.1007/s40201-021-00627-8

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…have major impacts on pollutant removal in EC. Figure shows how each parameter affects the performance of the system. ,,,− These parameters also affect the aluminum electrodes’ weight loss.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical-based Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Pulp and Paper Industries Wastewater Treatment Advances

Esmaeeli,

Sarrafzadeh,

Zeighami

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The pulp and paper industry generates vast amounts of wastewater, and its character heavily depends on various factors (raw material, the undertaken process, the final product, etc.). The wastewater from this sector, which originates from several sources in each mill and are mostly combined, is polluting and hazardous. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the physical, chemical, biological, and advanced hybrid treatment techniques, concerning their effectiveness in removing specific pollutants, namely, chemical oxygen demand, lignin, color, and adsorbable organo-halogens. Throughout the manuscript, at the end of each section, a conclusive comparison has been presented and the proper method is introduced. Furthermore, numeric data regarding the effectiveness of each technique toward each pollutant are gathered from the literature and are available in the Supporting Information of the paper. Biological treatment processes using anaerobic–aerobic treatment mostly cure organic biodegradable contaminants (75–90% COD removal). Moreover, biological treatment using a consortium of microorganisms can potentially increase color removal efficiency (from 65 to 97%). Hybrid treatment is also among the candidates for color removal. To treat complex matters (lignin and AOX), physical and chemical treatments have shown promising performance, but they are generally expensive and impractical to treat huge amounts of wastewater. For the treatment of high molecular weight contaminants (lignin) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), including ozonation and Fenton-based treatment, have shown great performance (90–99%); however, they are limited due to their maintenance and operation costs. To overcome these challenges, source separation of the wastewater streams in the pulp and paper industry is recommended. AOPs or membrane technologies or hybrid processes are suggested for the bleaching effluent (80% AOX removal), which is relatively low in amount, and a combination of conventional treatment processes would be preferred to treat wastewater streams that are more biodegradable. The biological performance can also be enhanced using granular activated carbon on the sequence. Finally, for treating black liquor, adsorption processes have proven to be the prime candidate.

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Section: Physical and Chemical-based Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Pulp and Paper Industries Wastewater Treatment Advances

Esmaeeli,

Sarrafzadeh,

Zeighami

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Chlorophenols are a common class of chemical compounds that have wide uses across a variety of industries. It serves as an antiseptic to treat ulcers, an antibacterial and antifungal agent, a pharmaceutical intermediary, and a preservative for the leather, wood, and glue industries [1–2] . It is also extensively used as a pesticide in agriculture and for the control of mold in the paper and cellulose industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It serves as an antiseptic to treat ulcers, an antibacterial and antifungal agent, a pharmaceutical intermediary, and a preservative for the leather, wood, and glue industries. [1][2] It is also extensively used as a pesticide in agriculture and for the control of mold in the paper and cellulose industries. Thus, it is found that chlorophenols constantly enter and build up in the aquatic environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid‐Contact Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for Direct Potentiometric Assessment of 2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol as a Persistent Organic Pollutant

Shanaah,

Ameen,

Jaafar

et al. 2023

ChemElectroChem

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Abstract2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (TCP) is regarded as a very harmful persistent organic pollutant. It is prohibited by the US EPA due to its stability, possible toxicity, and substantial carcinogenicity, which could result in long‐term harm to both the environment and living things. A novel solid‐contact electrode (SCE) is fabricated and characterized for potentiometric determination of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol (2,4,6‐TCP). Molecularly imprinted trichlorophenol polymer (MIP) beads are used as a recognition receptor for potentiometric determination of this persistent organic pollutant. The MIPs are synthesized using 4‐vinyl pyridine (4‐VP) and N,N′‐Methylene bis(acrylamide) (N,N‐MBAA) as functional monomer and cross‐linking agent, respectively. They are embedded in a selective polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane on the top of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which is used as an ion to electron transducer. The SCE exhibits a Nernstian response with a slope of −55.4±2.1 mV/decade (R2=0.999) over the concentration range of 8.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−4 M, a detection limit of 5.0×10−7 M (0.98 μg/mL), and a response time of <10 s. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry (CP), the suggested SCE′s interfacial capacitance is measured. The interfacial capacitance was increased using MWCNTs and reached 39.7 μF. Also, it prevented the undesirable thin water layer from forming between the conducting glassy carbon (GC) substrate and the sensing membrane. As a result, potential stability is improved, and membrane delamination is avoided. The suggested SCE had a wide range of applications for monitoring TCP in various environmental samples because of the high selectivity, sensitivity, and possible stability that were attained.

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“…Concerning the optimization of the electrochemical processes, many works employ the response surface methodology (RSM) as a popular method. RSM is mainly driven by experimental designs, which include central composite rotatable (CCR) [27], Box-Behnken [28], Taguchi [29], Plackett-Burman [30], and others [31,32]. CCR design is the most used because provides sufficient data for testing a lack of fit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convex optimization for maximizing the degradation efficiency of chloroquine in a flow-by electrochemical reactor

Regalado-Méndez¹,

Zavaleta-Avendaño²,

Peralta-Reyes³

et al. 2023

J Solid State Electrochem

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The degradation efficiency of chloroquine phosphate (CQ), an anti-COVID-19 drug, was investigated in a flow-by electrochemical reactor (FBER) provided with two boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes (as cathode and anode) under batch recirculation mode. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was run down to model and assess the influence of initial pH in an interval of 3.71 to 11.28, the current density in an interval of 34.32 to 185.68 mA cm −2 , and liquid volumetric flow rate in an interval of 0.58 to 1.42 L min −1 , and conduct the convex optimization to obtain the maximum degradation efficiency. Experimental results were modeled through a second-order polynomial equation having a determination coefficient ( R 2 ) of 0.9705 with a variance coefficient of 1.1%. Optimal operating conditions found (initial pH of 5.38, current density ( j ) of 34.4 mA cm −2 , and liquid flow rate ( Q ) of 1.42 L min −1 ) led to a global maximum degradation efficiency, COD removal efficiency, and mineralization efficiency of 89.3, 51.6 and 53.1%, respectively, with an energy consumption of 0.041 kWh L −1 within 9 h of treatment. Additionally, a pseudo-zero-order kinetic model was demonstrated to fit the experimental data and the calculated pseudo-zero-order kinetic constant ( k app ) was 13.14 mg L −1 h −1 (2.54 × 10 −5 mol dm −3 h −1 ). Furthermore, the total operating cost was of 0.47 US$ L −1 . Finally, this research could be helpful for the treatment of wastewater containing an anti-COVID-19 drug such as CQ. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10008-023-05452-7.

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Electrochemical technique for paper mill effluent degradation using concentric aluminum tube electrodes (CATE)

Cited by 16 publications

References 70 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Pulp and Paper Industries Wastewater Treatment Advances

A Comprehensive Review on Pulp and Paper Industries Wastewater Treatment Advances

Solid‐Contact Sensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for Direct Potentiometric Assessment of 2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol as a Persistent Organic Pollutant

Convex optimization for maximizing the degradation efficiency of chloroquine in a flow-by electrochemical reactor

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