Electrochemical synthesis of polyaniline and its comparison with chemically synthesized polyaniline

Abstract

The synthesis of polyaniline (PAni) powder was carried out from 0.15M of aniline and 1M of HCl in distilled water at room temperature in a single compartment electrochemical cell. The PAni was again synthesized chemically keeping the composition and temperature same as electrochemical process but adding equimolar amount of ammonium peroxydisulfate as an oxidizing agent. Then the PAni obtained from these two methods were characterized by the conductivity, solubility, X-ray, FTIR, TGA, UV, and SEM, and compared. Result shows that the electrochemically synthesized PAni (ECS-PAni) has somewhat lower conductivity, higher solubility, more benzenoid rings than quinoid rings, lower crystallinity, higher band energy, and higher particle size than that of chemically synthesized PAni (CS-PAni).

Nanostructured Polyaniline Emeraldine-base form (EB-PANI): a structural investigation for different neutralization times

“…EB-PANI was obtained through the neutralization of Emeraldine-salt form of Polyaniline (ES-PANI), which was synthesized based on the method described by Bhadra, Singha and Khastgir [16] with some modifications [6] related to adding the reagents drop by drop at room temperature. After that, ES-PANI obtained at 3 h of synthesis was neutralized in NaOH 0.5 M for 3, 24 and 48 h to obtain their respective Emeraldine-base forms.…”

“…5 shows the FTIR spectra of ES-PANI and EB-PANI. Due to the similarities between the EB-PANI spectra obtained for neutralization times of 3, 24 and 48 h, it was considered only the spectrum regarding the PANI-EB neutralized for 3 h. The vibrational bands were explained based on the normal modes of polyaniline: bands at 1583 and 1493 cm À1 are assignable to the ring stretching vibration of quinoid (Q) and benzenoid (B), respectively [16,[32][33][34][35][36]. A 1299 cm À1 band was assignable to the CAN stretching of a secondary aromatic amine.…”

“…This band is very intense and broad. The strong absorption of BANH + @Q is associated with high electrical conductivity and high degree of electron delocalization [16,40].…”

XRD and SAXS studies applied to doped polyaniline and poly(o-methoxyaniline)

“…E-mail: rhein_03@uni-muenster.de Santoro et al (1980) [1] first addressed the question of equivalence when in powder pattern indexing more than one indexing solution and thus more than one reciprocal metric tensor are produced. Two metric tensors * A G and *…”

“…(1) cannot be solved directly. Santoro et al (1980) [1] suggested to vary the elements of R systematically in the range (5, -5) until the equality sign in eq. (1) is fulfilled within chosen error limits.…”