Electrochemical synthesis of electroconducting polymers

Abstract

Electroconducting polymers from the group of synthetic metals are extensively investigated due to numerous properties perspective in practical application. These materials may be synthesized by both chemical and electrochemical procedures. Chemical synthesis is suitable when bulk quantities of the polymer are necessary and up to date it presents dominant commercial method of producing electroconducting polymers. Nevertheless, the electrochemical synthesis has its advantages; it avoids usage of oxidants since conducting polymeric material is obtained at anode upon application of positive potential, leading to increased purity. On the other hand, since the polymer is deposited onto electrode, further electrochemical characterization is facilitated. Owing to actuality of the research in the field, this text aims to describe important aspects of electrochemical synthesis of electroconducting polymers, with special emphasis to polyaniline and polypyrrole.

Electroconducting materials based on polypyrrole

“…Galvanostatically conditions offer the formation of the polymer film on the working electrode (anode) with a constant current, in the potentiostatic conditions the deposition of the polymer was controlled with the application of variable potential, while in potentiodynamically settings, the potential sweeps between minimal and maximal value of the potential in the cycle. Most common polymers synthesized electrochemically are polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyaniline and their derivatives, among which, polypyrrole (PPy) attracts bigger attention because of its good electrical properties, biocompatiblitiy, and suitable environmental stability [43].…”

“…[57][58][59]. Usually used substrates for polymer deposition are electrodes made of graphite, carbon fibers, glassy carbon, Indium-tin oxide (ITO), inert metals like Au and Pt [11,43,[60][61][62][63][64][65].…”

Polyaniline based corrosion inhibitors for conventional organic coatings

“…PANI, similar to other ICPs can be synthesized chemically and electrochemically following the mechanism of oxidative radical polymerization [34,35]. Although both procedures has its advantages, chemical synthesis is more likely to be used in practical applications, since large quantities of the polymer can be obtained.…”

Growth Processes and Morphological Evolution of Polyaniline Film During Potentiostatic Growth

“…Among conducting polymers, polyaniline (PAni) has been extensively studied because of its attractive electrical, electrochemical, and optical properties, and its potential applications in fields such as sensors, batteries, electronic devices, and electrochromic displays. Studies of electrochemical growth processes have been performed employing three different methods: potentiostatic (constant potential), 5-7 galvanostatic (constant current), [8][9][10] and potentiodynamic (cyclic voltammetry). 4 One of the most important points in the electrochemical studies of conducting polymers is the understanding of nucleation/growth processes.…”

“…Studies of electrochemical growth processes have been performed employing three different methods: potentiostatic (constant potential), 5-7 galvanostatic (constant current), [8][9][10] and potentiodynamic (cyclic voltammetry). [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, few systematic studies have been conducted on the growth processes and morphological evolution of PAni films during potentiostatic growth. 8,14 There have been several studies conducted on the electrochemical growth processes of PAni.…”