Electrochemical study and physicochemical characterization of iron nanoparticles electrodeposited onto HOPG from Fe(III) ions dissolved in the choline chloride-urea deep eutectic solvent

Mechanism and Kinetics of Palladium Nanoparticles Electrochemical Formation onto Glassy Carbon, from a Deep Eutectic Solvent (Reline)

“…These plots depict typically the shape of the j–t traces due to three-dimensional nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth . As the applied potential becomes more negative, the j–t plots start to show the development of an additional steady-state current, characteristic of concomitant electrochemical reactions that simultaneously occur on the growing nuclei surfaces, as described by Palomar-Pardavé et al ,,− …”

“…25 As the applied potential becomes more negative, the j−t plots start to show the development of an additional steady-state current, characteristic of concomitant electrochemical reactions that simultaneously occur on the growing nuclei surfaces, as described by Palomar-Pardavéet al 7,9,15−17 The electrodeposition of some catalytic metal nuclei (i.e., cobalt 7,9 ) from aqueous media, is generally accompanied by hydrogen evolution, which is a reaction capable of diminishing the cathodic efficiency, inducing brittleness of the metallic deposit due to hydrogen embrittlement, in some cases. Even in DES, the reduction of residual water (see reaction R1) may occur on the growing surfaces of metals (i.e., Ni, 15,23,24 Cr, 16 Fe, 17 and Al, 19 during its electrodeposition.…”

“…The electrodeposition of some catalytic metal nuclei (i.e., cobalt , ) from aqueous media, is generally accompanied by hydrogen evolution, which is a reaction capable of diminishing the cathodic efficiency, inducing brittleness of the metallic deposit due to hydrogen embrittlement, in some cases. Even in DES, the reduction of residual water (see reaction ) may occur on the growing surfaces of metals (i.e., Ni, ,, Cr, Fe, and Al, during its electrodeposition. …”

“…14 Furthermore, the operability (low vapor pressure, low electrical resistance, wide potential window), low production costs, and, in general, low toxicity (DES are in general environment-friendly) have positioned DES as suitable substances for scalable metal finishing processes. DES have been used for Ni, 15 Cr, 16 Fe, 17,18 and Al 19 electrodeposition. Recently, we have shown 20 that palladium nanoparticles, PdNPs, electrodeposited at 298 K, from a choline chloride:ethylene glycol mixture (ethaline) exhibited an outstanding performance toward formic acid oxidation reaction.…”

“…DES have been used for Ni, Cr, Fe, , and Al electrodeposition. Recently, we have shown that palladium nanoparticles, PdNPs, electrodeposited at 298 K, from a choline chloride:ethylene glycol mixture (ethaline) exhibited an outstanding performance toward formic acid oxidation reaction.…”