“…The electrochemistry of Cu II complexes with N 2 O 2 -type heterodonor ligands has also been shown to depend upon the molecular geometry 241 and the electronic effects of the substituents. 242 A thorough review by Zanello 243 provides details about the redox potentials of numerous Cu complexes with ligands with N-, O-, and S-donor atoms. The work also discusses the influence of molecular geometry and substituent effects on the redox properties.…”
Section: Experimental Determination Of the Equilibrium Constant K Atrmentioning
“…The electrochemistry of Cu II complexes with N 2 O 2 -type heterodonor ligands has also been shown to depend upon the molecular geometry 241 and the electronic effects of the substituents. 242 A thorough review by Zanello 243 provides details about the redox potentials of numerous Cu complexes with ligands with N-, O-, and S-donor atoms. The work also discusses the influence of molecular geometry and substituent effects on the redox properties.…”
Section: Experimental Determination Of the Equilibrium Constant K Atrmentioning
“…These linear polymers rarely contain some branches ranging from short to long. It has been found that highly branched macromolecules are different in terms of properties to the conventional and well known polymers (Zolezzi, 2002). Due to their highly branched structures they have a great impact on various applications.…”
Section: Dendrimers Figure 3: Hyperbranched/ Tree-like Structure Of Dmentioning
HIV and AIDS are among the world's pandemics that pose serious concern to almost every individual in the world. With the current level of availability of anti-retroviral (ARV) drugs and the ease of accessibility of treatment in many countries such as South Africa, the disease can be controlled by suppressing the viral load of an infected individual. These anti HIV drugs such as delavirdine are metabolised by enzymes which are found in the liver microsomes, particularly those of the cytochrome P450 family. Due to the fact that the metabolic rate of a patient determines the effect of the drug, the drug could either have a beneficial or an adverse effect once it is administered. It is therefore imperative that the metabolic profile of a patient is determined at point-of-care is necessary for proper dosing of the ARV drugs. In this project a nanobiosensor system was devised and used for the determination of the metabolism of delavirdine, a non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) ARV drug. The nanobiosensor was prepared by the entrapment of the isoenzyme CYP3A4 into a pre-formed electro active carrier matrice consisting of a dendrimeric copper generation-2 poly(propylene imine)-co-polypyrrole star copolymer (Cu(G2PPI)-co-PPy). The metallo-dendrimer was used as a host for the enzyme and provided the necessary bio-compatible environment that allowed the direct transfer of electrons between the enzyme's active centres and platinum electrode surface. Copper was the choice of metal used in the study due to its properties. Copper is a malleable, ductile and a good conductor of both heat and electricity. It is a better conductor than most metals. Silver which also belongs to group 1b in the periodic table is a better electrical conductor than copper but copper has better corrosion resistance and is a more abundant and hence it is a cheaper material to use. Cu(G2PPI)-co-PPy was prepared by the incorporation of the copper metal into the G2PPI and the electropolymerization of pyrrole onto the Cu(G2PPI). The incorporation of Cu into G2PPI was determined by FTIR which did not show the presence of the Cu but showed an increase in the intensities of the peaks after the incorporation. The surface morphology of Cu(G2PPI) was confirmed by the use of HRSEM which showed a difference in the surface morphology of the dendrimer moiety with the addition of the copper metal. The HRSEM images after Cu incorporation resulted in the change from rough surface to smooth surface with open cavities which were essential for the entrapment of the biological systems (CYP3A4). Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and HRTEM were used to confirm the presence of spherically shaped copper nanoparticles in the Cu(G2PPI) and were found to have a size distribution of 12-17 nm with an average particle size of 15 iii nm. The star copolymer (Cu(G2PPI)-co-PPy) was characterised using cyclic voltammetry where it was confirmed that the material was electroactive and conducting due to electron movement along the polymer chain. A diffusion co-...
“…The resultant data displayed a relatively good activity for the ligand and its complexes against some microorganisms. The Schiff base complexes are generally stable in the DMSO solvent so that many researchers use DMSO as the NMR, electrochemical and biological solvent media (Ammar et al, 2013;Zolezzi et al, 2002;Montazerozohori et al, 2012a). Because of the stability of compounds in this solvent and its negative effect against studied bacteria, DMSO was selected as solvent media for the biological tests.…”
Section: Antibacterial Bioassay (In Vitro)mentioning
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