Electrochemical Sensors for Heavy Metal Ions Detection From Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

Due to the major negative impact of heavy metal ions toward human health and environment,, even at low concentrations, the development of simple, fast and not expensive detection methods of heavy metals is a major challenge for the scientists. Among the different analytical methods for the analysis of heavy metal ions, the corresponding methods based on electrochemical sensors are discussed in this review, due to their above mentioned advantages. Several types of electrochemical sensors and their analytical applications based on electrochemical methods such as: potentiometry, voltammetry and amperometry, are presented. The electrochemical sensors could revolutionize the field of real-time and on-line environmental analysis, due to their high performances as: low detection limits, a wide linear response range, good stability and reproducibility.

Metal Particle Detection Methods and Their Use for Freeze-Dried Vaccine Inspection: A Review

“…In electrochemical sensors the sample reaches a sensing electrode where an electrochemical reaction occurs, and the signal is transformed into an electric signal, providing information about the concentration of specific ions. Hence, electrochemical sensors have been used for detecting metal ions [39], [94]- [96] in food [94], in aqueous solutions [39] and in blood [96]. Metal ions can be detected through electrochemical stripping analysis, however this requires the accumulation of the target analyte or a compound of the target on a working electrode [97], which cannot be performed in vaccine inspection.…”

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Design of a Novel Nanosensors Based on Green Synthesized CoFe2O4/Ca-Alginate Nanocomposite-Coated QCM for Rapid Detection of Pb(II) Ions

“…However, several of these conventional approaches have drawbacks, such as high prices and lower efficacy at low metal concentrations of 1–100 mg/L [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Therefore, the development of straightforward, quick, and affordable heavy metal detection techniques is a significant challenge for scientists since heavy metal ions have a detrimental effect on both human health and the environment, even at low concentrations [ 13 , 14 ].…”