Electrochemical Sensors, a Bright Future in the Fabrication of Portable Kits in Analytical Systems

Abstract

Analysis of food, pharmaceutical, and environmental compounds is an inevitable issue to evaluate quality of the compounds used in human life. Quality of drinking water, food products, and pharmaceutical compounds is directly associated with human health. Presence of forbidden additives in food products, toxic compounds in water samples and drugs with low quality lead to important problems for human health. Therefore, attention to analytical strategy for investigation of quality of food, pharmaceutical, and environmental compounds and monitoring presence of forbidden compounds in materials used by humans has increased in recent years. Analytical methods help to identify and quantify both permissible and unauthorized compounds present in the materials used in human daily life. Among analytical methods, electrochemical methods have been shown to have more advantages compared to other analytical methods due to their portability and low cost. Most of big companies have applied this type of analytical methods because of their fast and selective analysis. Due to simple operation and high diversity of electroanalytical sensors, these types of sensors are expected to be the future generation of analytical systems. Therefore, many scientists and researchers have focused on designing and fabrication of electroanalytical sensors with good selectivity and high sensitivity for different types of compounds such as drugs, food, and environmental pollutants. In this paper, we described the mechanism and different examples of DNA, enzymatic and electro‐catalytic methods for electroanalytical determination of drug, food and environmental compounds.

Nano-molar level determination of isoprenaline in pharmaceutical and clinical samples; A nanostructure electroanalytical strategy

“…Therefore, the fast detection and sensitive determination of isoprenaline in biological and clinical sample are very important and many analytical methods were suggested for this goal in recent years [3][4][5][6]. The tendency to use electrochemical sensors for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds such as isoprenaline has grown significantly in recent years due to the high rate of analysis and the lack of use of toxic solvents [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. With the advent of modified sensors and greater variability in the manufacture of electrochemical sensors, this technique has been introduced as a serious competitor for chromatographic methods in drug composition analysis [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

DNA based biosensing of Acinetobacter baumannii using nanoparticles aggregation method

“…The fundamental idea in the present work is based on DNA hybridization and target sequence detection via the spectrophotometric method. For this purpose, ssDNA can uncoil to expose its bases, whereas dsDNA has a stable double-helix geometry that always presents the negatively charged phosphate backbone [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Conferring to the results of present study, the engineered genosensor show simple structure with high sensitivity, stability, and high selectivity.…”

Rapid Detection of Bifidobacterium bifidum in Feces Sample by Highly Sensitive Quartz Crystal Microbalance Immunosensor

“…The biosensor first immobilizes the bioactive components (enzyme, antibody, tissue, cell) on the transducer. When the target analyte is recognized by the immobilized bioactive components, the biochemical reaction can be immediately converted into a quantifiable electrical signal through the transducer (Fu et al, 2015 ; Huertas et al, 2019 ; Alamgholiloo et al, 2020 ; Fouladgar et al, 2020 ; Karimi-Maleh et al, 2020 ). Since the rise of biosensor in the late 1960s, after nearly half a century of development, biosensor has become a comprehensive and interdisciplinary field, which is used in food safety testing, environmental testing, and clinical diagnosis.…”