Electrochemical Sensing of Flutamide Contained in Plasma and Urine Matrices Using NiFe₂O₄/rGO Nanocomposite, as an Efficient and Selective Electrocatalyst

Abstract

In this article, we report on the synthesis and new employment of magnetic nickelferrite oxide nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide (NiFe2O4/rGO) to electrochemically sensing of flutamide. The preparation of this electrocatalyst was first assessed using various analytical instrumental techniques including FT‐IR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and field emission scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Besides, its electrochemical performance was investigated utilizing some electrochemical methods such as cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry, and also electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The findings of this research are especially relevant for sensing flutamide in aqueous and biological samples. At the optimized conditions, the electrochemical sensor showed a linear range of 0.24–40.0 μmol L−1, the detection limit of 0.05 μmol L−1 flutamide, calibration sensitivity of 1.016 μA/μmol L−1, and repeatability and reproducibility of 1.7 % and 4.1 %, respectively. The selectivity of the method was investigated in the presence of ions, and species can generally exist in the biological medium. The resulting data of the present work represented that this type of magnetic nanocomposites is suitable for selective detection of flutamide in real samples of plasma and urine. The recoveries obtained for flutamide analyses represented lower than 5.0 percent of relative error in these real samples.

Influence of Crystalline, Structural, and Electrochemical Properties of Iron Vanadate Nanostructures on Flutamide Detection

“…The structure synthesized at 150 °C showed a distinct rod-shape assembly and efficient electrochemical reduction toward FLT sensing. Compared with other electrodes, our proposed electrode offered the lowest LoD compared to HF/HBP-GO/PGE, ZMNS, NiFe 2 O 4 /rGO electrodes, and a rational linear range compared to RGO/CuO, ZnMn 2 O 4 -PGO, AuE, AuNPs, and GQDs@La 3+ @ZrO 2 -modified electrodes for straightforward electrochemical sensing of FLT. The performance of our proposed electrode with other reported electrodes concerning the constraints involved in FLT determination is summarized in Table .…”

PPy-Functionalized NiFe2O4 Nanocomposites toward Highly Selective Pb2+ Electrochemical Sensing

“…However, the major problem associated with binary metal oxides is that these suffer from relatively poor conductivity and deficient bonding sites, which badly restricts their applications in electrochemical sensing. In this regard, the coupling of binary metal oxides with functionalized materials or conducting polymers is considered to be a reliable strategy to resolve the above limitation. , For instance, inspired by the abundant bonding sites of graphene oxide (GO) to heavy metal ions, Venkatesh et al developed a new type of electrochemical platform based on ZnMn 2 O 4 /GO nanocomposites that exhibited superior electrocatalytic property for the detection of flutamide . Zhou et al combined the advantages of adequate electroactivity supported by l -cysteine and superior adsorption capacity offered by MnFe 2 O 4 to develop a novel electrochemical sensor to monitor heavy metal ions, which displayed good selectivity toward Pb 2+ with a moderate detection limit of 0.0843 μM …”

A Spinel Metal Oxide (Ni–Fe–O) Decorated Glassy Carbon Electrode as a Sensitive Sensor for the Electrochemical Detection of Fenitrothion

“…11 These studies provide better inspiration for NiFe 2 O 4 materials in the electrode modification research. NiFe 2 O 4 modified electrode-based electrochemical sensor for glucose, 12 bisphenol A, 13,14 ascorbic acid, 15 and pharmaceuticals [16][17][18] can be retrieved.…”