Electrochemical reforming of alcohols on nanostructured platinum-tin catalyst-electrodes

Osa, A.R. de la; Calcerrada, A.B.; Valverde, J.L.; Baranova, Elena A.; Lucas-Consuegra, A. de

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.05.026

Cited by 55 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Due to high cost of noble-metal catalysts and the declining oxygen reduction activity on the cathode of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and metal-air batteries, recent research has witnessed intense investigation into the promising and versatile non-precious catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). [1][2][3][4][5] To this end, several low-cost non-noble-metal alternatives have emerged, including carbonbased materials, [6][7][8][9] non-precious transition metals and metal alloys (e.g., Fe, Co, Ni-Cu alloy), [10][11][12] and transition metal oxides (e.g., Fe 3 O 4 , Co 3 O 4 ). 13,14 However, transition metal oxides often possess high overpotentials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durable and Efficient Hollow Porous Oxide Spinel Microspheres for Oxygen Reduction

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

Joule

202

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The oxygen reduction reaction performance of the hollow porous oxide spinel microspheres was investigated. The ZnMnCoO 4 possessed a high onset potential of 1.00 V and an outstanding durability in the alkaline solution. The electronic transition of Co 3+ ions was found to weaken the Co 3+ -OH bond and facilitate the O 2À /OH À displacement. Thus, it may offer promising potential for use as an effective catalyst with high oxygen reduction activity and durability in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, among other applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durable and Efficient Hollow Porous Oxide Spinel Microspheres for Oxygen Reduction

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

Joule

202

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“…The feasibility of the alcohol electrolysis concept in solid-state PEM electrolysis cells with high surface area gas diffusion electrodes has been so far validated for the cases of methanol [10,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], ethanol and second generation industrial bioethanol [6,29,[31][32][33][34][35][36], and the concept has also been applied for hydrogen production from formic acid [37], glycerol [38][39][40][41], ethylene glycol [29,42] and other diols [43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen from electrochemical reforming of C1–C3 alcohols using proton conducting membranes

Sapountzi

Tsampas

Fredriksson

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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This study investigates the production of hydrogen from the electrochemical reforming of short-chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol) and their mixtures. High surface gas diffusion Pt/C electrodes were interfaced to a Nafion polymeric membrane. The assembly separated the two chambers of an electrochemical reactor, which were filled with anolyte (alcohol+H2O or alcohol+H2SO4) and catholyte (H2SO4) aqueous solutions. The half-reactions, which take place upon polarization, are the alcohol electrooxidation and the hydrogen evolution reaction at the anode and cathode, respectively. A standard Ag/AgCl reference electrode was introduced for monitoring the individual anodic and cathodic overpotentials. Our results show that roughly 75% of the total potential losses are due to sluggish kinetics of the alcohol electrooxidation reaction. Anodic overpotential becomes larger as the number of C-atoms in the alcohol increases, while a slight dependence on the pH was observed upon changing the acidity of the anolyte solution. In the case of alcohol mixtures, it is the largest alcohol that dictates the overall cell performance.

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“…Alternatively, ethanol electrolysis cells (EEC) can be used to produce hydrogen. [4][5][6] In an EEC, ethanol is oxidized at the anode and protons are reduced to hydrogen at the cathode. In a DEFC, ethanol is oxidized at the anode and oxygen is reduced to water at the cathode.…”

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confidence: 99%

Product Distributions and Efficiencies for Ethanol Oxidation in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell

Altarawneh

Pickup

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The stoichiometry, efficiency, and product distribution for ethanol oxidation in fuel cell hardware has been determined at 80 • C for commercial Pt/C, PtRu/C and PtSn/C anode catalysts. The amounts of ethanol consumed and acetic acid and acetaldehyde produced were determined by proton NMR spectroscopy while CO 2 was measured with a non-dispersive infrared CO 2 monitor. The Pt/C catalyst was most selective for the complete oxidation of ethanol to CO 2 at all potentials and therefore produced the highest number of electrons per ethanol molecule (stoichiometry). Consequently, it would provide the highest efficiency for a fuel cell, and for an electrolysis cell at high current densities. However, PtRu/C provided much higher currents at low overpotentials and therefore better electrolysis efficiency than Pt/C at low current densities. The main product at the PtRu/C catalyst was acetic acid, with ≥ 86% conversion at potentials ≥ 0.35 V vs. a dynamic hydrogen electrode. The PtSn/C catalyst also provided high yields of acetic acid (65-75%), with substantial production of CO 2 (26-27%) at high potentials. The electrochemical oxidation of ethanol in cells with proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolytes is of central importance to the development of energy technologies based on bio-ethanol. PEM-based direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) 1,2 power systems are potentially one of the best alternatives to internal combustion engines, 3 although their efficiencies will need to be increased significantly. Alternatively, ethanol electrolysis cells (EEC) can be used to produce hydrogen. [4][5][6] In an EEC, ethanol is oxidized at the anode and protons are reduced to hydrogen at the cathode. In a DEFC, ethanol is oxidized at the anode and oxygen is reduced to water at the cathode. The attraction of these technologies arises from their high theoretical efficiencies and the perception that emissions will be low. However, the incomplete oxidation of ethanol at all known catalysts currently results in low efficiency cells and large amounts of byproducts.2 To achieve high energy efficiencies in EECs and DEFCs the faradaic efficiency (ε F ) for the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol to carbon dioxide (Eq. 1) must be high.2,7 However, in practice low yields of CO 2 have generally been reported, with the major products being acetaldehyde (Eq. 2) and acetic acid (Eq. 3).The faradaic efficiency is the ratio of the average number of electrons transferred per molecule of ethanol (n av ) to the maximum of 12 for the complete oxidation to CO 2 (ε F = n av /12). It is determined by the product distribution according to Eq. 4,where n i is the number of electrons transferred to form product i and f i is the fraction of ethanol converted to product i. The importance of n av in determining the efficiency of ethanol oxidation technologies makes product analysis of central importance in the development of better anode catalysts. 9Although there have been many advances in the electrochemical performances (voltage efficiency) of ethanol oxidation catalysts...

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Electrochemical reforming of alcohols on nanostructured platinum-tin catalyst-electrodes

Cited by 55 publications

References 52 publications

Durable and Efficient Hollow Porous Oxide Spinel Microspheres for Oxygen Reduction

Durable and Efficient Hollow Porous Oxide Spinel Microspheres for Oxygen Reduction

Hydrogen from electrochemical reforming of C1–C3 alcohols using proton conducting membranes

Product Distributions and Efficiencies for Ethanol Oxidation in a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Cell

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