Electrochemical reduction of alkyl halides at vitreous carbon cathodes in dimethylformamide

Stoichiometric reduction of primary alkyl monohalides with electrogenerated nickel(I) salen: Formation of aldehydes

“…Working electrodes for controlled-potential electrolyses were disks (0.4 cm in thickness, 2.4 cm in diameter, and approximately 200 cm 2 in geometric area) sliced from reticulated vitreous carbon logs (RVC 2X1-100S, Energy Research and Generation, Inc., Oakland, CA). Procedures for cleaning and handling of these carbon disks have been mentioned elsewhere [41]. All potentials are quoted with respect to a reference electrode consisting of a saturated cadmium amalgam in contact with DMF saturated with both cadmium chloride and sodium chloride; this electrode has a potential of À0.76 V versus the aqueous saturated calomel electrode (SCE) at 25°C [42,43].…”

Direct electrochemical reduction of a bromo-propargyloxy ester at vitreous carbon cathodes in dimethylformamide

“…Working electrodes for controlled-potential electrolyses were disks (0.4 cm in thickness, 2.4 cm in diameter, and approximately 200 cm 2 in geometric area) sliced from reticulated vitreous carbon logs (RVC 2X1-100S, Energy Research and Generation, Oakland, CA). Procedures for cleaning and handling of these electrodes have been described previously [17].…”

Charged Carbon Nanomaterials: Redox Chemistries of Fullerenes, Carbon Nanotubes, and Graphenes

“…366 As the reduction potential of the functionalizing species is typically higher than the Fermi level of the neutral nanomaterial, there is typically residual charge remaining on the nanocarbon after functionalization. By subsequently adding a second reactive species with a lower reduction potential, the residual charge can be used to initiate a second reductive functionalization ( Figure 29).…”