Electrochemical recycling of cobalt from spent cathodes of lithium-ion batteries: its application as supercapacitor

Abstract

The supercapacitive behavior of the metallic cobalt recycled from Li-ion batteries has been studied in this work. The reversibility of both redox process (Co II /Co III ) and (Co III /Co IV ) in KOH 6 mol L -1 is very high and promising for capacitive applications in electrochemical devices. The specific capacitances calculated from cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show a good agreement, giving the value of 625 Fg -1 . The electrode morphology presents a high porosity, thus an electrical equivalent circuit composed of two parallel resistance and capacitance elements in series was proposed. The specific capacitance values calculated from charge/discharge curves at 0.23 and 2.3 mA/cm 2 are 601 and 384 Fg -1 , respectively. Thereby, it was observed that metallic cobalt recycled from ion-Li batteries is compatible with other supercapacitive materials. This shows that cobalt recycling from Li-ion batteries is economically and environmentally viable for application in supercapacitor devices.

Metallic and Oxide Electrodeposition

“…Garcia and other researchers associated the recycling of Li-ion battery to production of supercapacitor based on composite formed by cobalt oxides and hydroxides. The specific capacitances calculated from cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show a good agreement with the value of 625 Fg -1 [36]. Moreover Garcia et al also proposed…”

“…It is very interesting to note that metallic electrodeposition corresponds to a very interesting route for metal recycling. The principal metallic sources for recycling can be electronics circuits or spent batteries [6,34,35,36,37]. The Li-ion battery is a most attractive energy source for portable electronic products, such as cellular phones and laptop computers.…”

Burgeoning Prospects of Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Multifarious Applications

“…Freitas and co-workers [126] formed the Co 3 O 4 on the glass substrate coated with In-SnO 2 through electrodeposition technique. [128] Xu et al [129] developed the simple process to perform the recovered LCO Adv. They again synthesized the Co 3 O 4 from the source of spent LIBs in two different methods and tested their ability as a psuedocapacitor.…”

Cobalt–carbon derived from zeolitic imidazolate framework on Ni foam as high-performance supercapacitor electrode material

“…On one hand, cobalt metal and its oxides have been heavily studied for applications such as supercapacitors [3][4][5][6][7][8], which showed a good pseudocapacitor behavior. On the other hand, porous carbons, which have the characteristics of large surface area, high conductivity, superior electrochemical stability, good processing ability, controlled pore structure and relatively low cost [9,10], are considered as candidates of electrode materials for supercapacitor.…”