Electrochemical reactions concerned with electrochromism of polyaniline film-coated electrodes

Kobayashi, Tetsuhiko; Yoneyama, Hiroshi; Tamura, Hideo

doi:10.1016/0022-0728(84)80229-6

Cited by 406 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The electronic conductivity in conjugated polymers is due to the ease of electronic jumps between chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

Cortés

Moreno

2003

E-Polymers

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Natural muscles have mechanical properties that conventional actuators do not possess. These natural machines show large strain, moderate stress, high efficiency and stability, fast response time, high power/weight ratio, long lifetime, etc. In the last years a great interest has arisen to develop materials that mimic natural mechanisms. Conducting polymers have an array of potential applications as artificial muscles since they are capable to produce a moderate displacement when submitted to an electrochemical reaction. This property has been used to fabricate actuator devices that imitate and even improve the performance of natural muscles. For example, conducting polymers show stresses 15 times higher than those generated by mammalian muscles, a high power/weight ratio and a high degree of compliance. However, there are also several responses that need improvement in the actuators based on conducting polymers. Strains are still c. 50% lower than in natural muscles. Most of this kind of actuators only work in liquid media. It is necessary to increase the response time and obtain more durable actuators with longer lifetime and higher stability. In spite of these disadvantages, the first actuators based on conducting polymers are being commercialized. This paper presents a brief summary of some of the actuators based on these polymers, focusing on their design, performance and actuation mechanism.

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“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The electronic conductivity in conjugated polymers is due to the ease of electronic jumps between chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

Cortés

Moreno

2003

E-Polymers

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“…In the case of PANI, MacDiarmid and co-workers have proposed proton exchange at pH (/0.2 to (/2.1 and anion exchange between pH 1Á/4 as the predominant processes [40]. Kobayashi et al [41] proposed a model in which the reduced PANI is protonated at pH B/4 and protons are exchanged at potentials below 0.45 V whereas anion insertion was dominant at higher potentials. Shimazu et al [42] have studied in situ proton exchange in and out of the film at different pHs ((/0.3 to 3) using a long optical path length thin layer cell (LOPTLC) combined with at ion selective FET sensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ measurement of pH in the interior of conducting polymer microtubules

Nath

Kanungo

Contractor

2003

Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry

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Visible spectral absorption studies of an indicator trapped in the microenvironment of polypyrrole (PPY) and polyaniline (PANI) films were used to investigate the change in pH accompanying changes in oxidation state of the polymer. An indicator, bromophenol blue was incorporated in the conducting polymer film during the electropolymerization process. In situ UV Á/vis spectra of these films were recorded in aqueous solution of KCl. The results obtained show that with increasing potential of the film, the pH of the microenvironment decreases both for PPY and PANI. The change in pH is greater in the potential range where the change in electronic conductivity is also greater.

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“…Due to these properties, electronically conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and polytiophene have been used in varied applications: electrochromic devices [1], secondary battery electrodes [2], electronic displays [3], effluents treatment methods [4], corrosion protection coatings [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Polyaniline Coatings on Stainless Steel for Silver Recovery

Abrantes¹,

Cascalheira²,

Savić³

1999

Port. Electrochim. Acta

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In this study, conducting polymer films were synthesised by electrochemical polymerisation of aniline on the stainless steel substrates, and such films were employed for the process of electroless precipitation of silver. The electropolymerisation mode and conditions were carefully selected to provide films displaying structure and electroactivity appropriate to the process. The influence on the metal recovery efficiency of the both PANI surface area and electrolyte composition was also analysed.

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Electrochemical reactions concerned with electrochromism of polyaniline film-coated electrodes

Cited by 406 publications

References 24 publications

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

Artificial muscles based on conducting polymers

In situ measurement of pH in the interior of conducting polymer microtubules

Performance of Polyaniline Coatings on Stainless Steel for Silver Recovery

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