Electrochemical properties of yttrium on W and Pb electrodes in LiCl–KCl eutectic melts

Han, Wei; Li, Wenlong; Chen, Jiazhuang; Li, Mei; Li, Zhuyao; Dong, Yongchang; Zhang, Milin

doi:10.1039/c9ra05496k

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Exchange current density, a function of the reaction dynamic parameter, represents the absolute rate of oxidation and reduction reactions at its equilibrium potential . Under the assumption that there is no material transfer effect, the Butler–Volmer equation is derived to describe the relationship between net current and overpotential, as follows: Assuming that the overpotential is very small (|η| ≤ 15 mV), the exponential term in formula is simplified by Maclaurin’s series as shown in formula .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Recovering Zr from Molten Salt Using an Fe Electrode

Han

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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To recover zirconium (Zr) from LiCl-KCl molten salt, the electro-reduction mechanisms and dynamic and thermodynamic properties of Zr(IV) on W and Fe electrodes were investigated using a series of electrochemical techniques. Zr(IV) was reduced by a continuous two-step process to form metallic Zr on the W electrode and a one-step process to form various Zr–Fe alloy compounds on the Fe film electrode. The deposition potentials pertaining to the formation of various Zr–Fe intermetallics were found more positive than those of Zr(II)/Zr and Zr(IV)/Zr(II)pairs. Furthermore, the dynamic data of the Zr(II)/Zr pair on the W electrode and the ZrFe3/Zr(IV) pair on the Fe film electrode were measured by linear polarization and Tafel methods. The results indicated that, with an increasing temperature, the value of the exchange current density for the two pairs increased, while the charge transfer resistance and transfer coefficient of the two pairs decreased. The thermodynamic data, for instance, the activities of Zr in Zr–Fe alloys and Gibbs free energies of the formation of Zr–Fe intermetallic compounds, were estimated using open-circuit chronopotentiometry. Furthermore, electrochemical recovering Zr was conducted using an Fe electrode by potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrolysis, which proved that the products were only ZrFe2 intermetallic compounds. The recovery efficiencies were 98.05% and 98.97%, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Recovering Zr from Molten Salt Using an Fe Electrode

Han

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…It is clear that the reduction peak potential of Dy(III) is almost constant as the frequency varies, indicating that the electrode reaction is reversible. In the inset, the peak current is a good linear relationship with the square root of frequency, demonstrating that the deposition of Dy(III) on liquid Zn electrode is controlled by diffusion, and equation can be used to calculate the diffusion coefficient: [ 45,52,53 ]

I_{p} = {nFAC}_{0} \frac{1 - σ}{1 + σ} \sqrt{\frac{italicDν}{π}} σ = \exp ((), \frac{{nFE}_{sw}}{2 RT})

where E sw is the amplitude of SWV (V) and the other physical quantities have the same meaning as mentioned earlier.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…A spectral pure graphite rod and Ag/Ag + were used as the auxiliary electrode and reference electrode, respectively, and the preparation process was followed as in a previous article. [ 45 ] The working electrode was W or Zn metal. Liquid Zn electrode was prepared by adding some Zn particles into an alumina crucible (1.00 cm in height and 1.50 cm in inner diameter), and W wire sheathed in an alumina tube was inserted into the crucible as a conductor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroreduction of Dy(III) assisted by Zn and its co‐deposition with Zn(II) in LiCl–KCl molten salt

Han

et al. 2020

Applied Organom Chemis

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To recover dysprosium (Dy) from LiCl–KCl molten salt, the electrochemical mechanism of Dy(III) on liquid Zn electrode and co‐deposition of Dy(III) and Zn(II) on W electrode were studied using electrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated that the redox process of Dy on liquid Zn electrode is reversible and controlled by diffusion. Reverse chronopotentiograms showed that the transition time ratio of reduction and oxidation is ~3:1, revealing the redox of Dy on liquid Zn electrode is a kind of soluble–soluble system: Dy(III) + 3e− = (Dy–Zn)solution. The half‐wave potential of Dy(III) was almost constant with the increase in scanning rate. The electrochemical separation of metallic Dy from the molten salt was performed using constant potential electrolysis, and the product characterized using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy–energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy was the thermodynamic unstable compound DyZn5. Also, the co‐deposition mechanism of Dy(III) and Zn(II) was explored, indicating that Dy(III) could deposit on pre‐deposited Zn and form Dy–Zn compounds: Zn(II) + 2e− = Zn and xDy(III) + yZn + 3xe− = DyxZny. Moreover, the effect of Dy(III) concentration on the formation of Dy–Zn compounds was investigated. The redox peak currents corresponding to different Dy–Zn compounds changed with the increase in Dy(III) concentration. The co‐deposition of Dy(III) and Zn(II) was performed using constant current electrolysis at diverse Dy(III) concentrations. The different Dy–Zn compounds were produced by controlling Dy(III) concentration.

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“…27,28 Therefore, it is critical to recover and separate lanthanides from molten salt for nuclear fuel cycle and the purification of waste salts. 29 In recent years, the electrorecovery lanthanides from molten salt were explored on various electrodes, for example, Mg, 30 Al, [31][32][33][34] Ni, 35,36 Cu, [37][38][39] Bi, [40][41][42][43] Zn, 38,39,44,45 Cd, 46,47 Sn, 48 Pb, [49][50][51] and Ga. 52 Since there are some advantages to use low melting point metal as a liquid working electrode, many researchers paid more attentions to the electrochemical extraction using a liquid electrode. Our group investigated the electroextraction of Tb and Y from molten chloride using solid Cu and liquid Zn as working electrodes and found that under same conditions, metallic Y and Tb easily deposited on liquid Zn electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is critical to recover and separate lanthanides from molten salt for nuclear fuel cycle and the purification of waste salts 29 . In recent years, the electrorecovery lanthanides from molten salt were explored on various electrodes, 30‐51 for example, Mg, 30 Al, 31‐34 Ni, 35,36 Cu, 37‐39 Bi, 40‐43 Zn, 38,39,44,45 Cd, 46,47 Sn, 48 Pb, 49‐51 and Ga 52 . Since there are some advantages to use low melting point metal as a liquid working electrode, many researchers paid more attentions to the electrochemical extraction using a liquid electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrode reaction of Pr on Sn electrode and its electrochemical recovery fromLiCl‐KClmolten salt

et al. 2021

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To recover Pr from molten chlorides, the electrode reactions of Pr 3+ on Sn-coated W and liquid Sn electrodes were studied by a group of electrochemical techniques. CV and SWV results exhibited that the electrochemical signals pertaining to the formation of Pr-Sn alloy compounds and solid solution appeared at less negative potentials than that of Pr 3+ on W electrode. The thermodynamic data of Pr-Sn alloy compounds and the kinetic parameters for PrSn 3 /Pr 3+ pair were determined employing OCP, LP, and Tafel methods, separately. The measured diffusion coefficient (D) of Pr in liquid Sn metal was 9.40 × 10 −6 cm 2 s −1 . Furthermore, the electrochemical recovering Pr from molten salt was performed using liquid Sn as a working electrode, and the formed Pr-Sn samples characterized by XRD and SEM-EDS were composed of Sn and PrSn 3 phases.

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Electrochemical properties of yttrium on W and Pb electrodes in LiCl–KCl eutectic melts

Abstract: Cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, linear polarization, chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry were performed to investigate the electrochemical properties of Y(iii) on W and Pb electrodes in LiCl–KCl eutectic melts.

Cited by 21 publications

References 53 publications

Electrochemical Recovering Zr from Molten Salt Using an Fe Electrode

Electrochemical Recovering Zr from Molten Salt Using an Fe Electrode

Electroreduction of Dy(III) assisted by Zn and its co‐deposition with Zn(II) in LiCl–KCl molten salt

Electrode reaction of Pr on Sn electrode and its electrochemical recovery fromLiCl‐KClmolten salt

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