Electrochemical properties of vanadium oxide coatings grown by hydrothermal synthesis on FTO substrates

Vernardou, Dimitra; Louloudakis, D.; Spanakis, Emmanuel; Katsarakis, N.; Koudoumas, E.

doi:10.1039/c3nj00931a

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The maximum current density obtained for the as-grown coating at 550 • C (Figure 6) was lower than the colloidal crystal-assisted electrodeposited amorphous three-dimensional ordered macroporous (0.5 mA·cm −2 [4]), sol-gel (0.6 mA·cm −2 [16]), aerosol-assisted CVD (1.5 mA·cm −2 [34]) V 2 O 5 , and was comparable with APCVD (0.01 mA·cm −2 [18]) and hydrothermal growth (0.05 mA·cm −2 [17]) of V 2 O 5 . This value was also lower than the one obtained from the vacuum deposited (0.6 mA·cm −2 [35]) tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), and comparable with APCVD (0.02 mA·cm −2 [36]), evaporation-induced self-assembly (0.06 mA·cm −2 [37]), low-pressure CVD (0.08 mA·cm −2 [38]), and hydrothermal (0.04 mA·cm −2 [39]) growth WO 3 .…”

Section: Cyclic Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Using an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for the Development of V2O5 as an Electrochromic Material

Vernardou

2017

Coatings

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Vanadium pentoxide coatings were grown by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition varying the gas precursor ratio (vanadium (IV) chloride:water) and the substrate temperature. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and transmittance measurements. The water flow rate was found to affect the crystallinity and the morphological characteristics of vanadium pentoxide. Dense stacks of long grains of crystalline oxide are formed at the highest amount of water utilized for a substrate temperature of 450 • C. Accordingly, it was indicated that for higher temperatures and a constant gas precursor ratio of 1:7, the surface morphology becomes flattened, and columnar grains of uniform size and shape are indicated, keeping the high crystalline quality of the material. Hence, it was possible to define a frame of operating parameters wherein single-phase vanadium pentoxide may be reliably expected, including a gas precursor ratio of 1:7 with a substrate temperature of >450 • C. The as-grown vanadium pentoxide at 550 • C for a gas precursor ratio of 1:7 presented the best electrochemical performance, including a diffusion coefficient of 9.19 × 10 −11 cm 2 ·s −1 , a charge density of 3.1 mC·cm −2 , and a coloration efficiency of 336 cm 2 ·C −1 . One may then say that this route can be important for the growth of large-scale electrodes with good performance for electrochromic devices.

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Section: Cyclic Voltammetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Electrochromic V 2 O 5 coatings have been prepared by electrodeposition [11,12], "Doctor Blade" [13], reactive sputtering [14], polyol process [15], sol-gel [16], and hydrothermal growth [17]. Strategies…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for the Development of V2O5 as an Electrochromic Material

Vernardou

2017

Coatings

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“…A three-electrode electrochemical cell [17][18][19] consisting of platinum, Ag/AgCl and SnO 2 -precoated glass substrates as the counter, reference and working electrodes, respectively was utilized for the deposition of V 2 O 5 coatings. The electrolyte was a solution of VO(acac) 3 (Aldrich, Manchester, UK, 97%) in CH 3 OH (Aldrich, UK, 99.8%).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodeposition of Vanadium Oxides at Room Temperature as Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Rasoulis

Vernardou

2017

Coatings

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Electrodeposition of vanadium pentoxide coatings was performed at room temperature and a short growth period of 15 min based on an alkaline solution of methanol and vanadyl (III) acetyl acetonate. All samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The current density and electrolyte concentration were found to affect the characteristics of the as-grown coatings presenting enhanced crystallinity and porous structure at the highest values employed in both cases. The as-grown vanadium pentoxide at current density of 1.3 mA·cm −2 and electrolyte concentration of 0.5 M indicated the easiest charge transfer of Li + across the vanadium pentoxide/electrolyte interface presenting a specific discharge capacity of 417 mAh·g −1 , excellent capacitance retention of 95%, and coulombic efficiency of 94% after 1000 continuous Li + intercalation/deintercalation scans. One may then suggest that this route is promising to prepare large area vanadium pentoxide electrodes with excellent stability and efficiency at very mild conditions.

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“…[14][15][16][17] Vanadium pentoxide is a particularly attractive replacement cathode material with its mixed valence, V 4+ and V 5+ , making it an ideal candidate for a large number of redox-dependent applications. Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) can be synthesized by a number of techniques, including hydrothermal synthesis, 18,19 sol-gel techniques, 20 chemical vapor deposition, and atomic layer deposition. However, the electrodeposition of vanadium oxides from VOSO 4 aqueous solutions has the benefit of low cost and simplicity.…”

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confidence: 99%

3D Vanadium Oxide Inverse Opal Growth by Electrodeposition

Armstrong

O’Sullivan

O’Connell

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Three-dimensional vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) material architectures in the form of inverse opals (IOs) were fabricated using a simple electrodeposition process into artificial opal templates on stainless steel foil using an aqueous solution of VOSO 4 .χH 2 O with added ethanol. The direct deposition of V 2 O 5 IOs was compared with V 2 O 5 planar electrodeposition and confirms a similar progressive nucleation and growth mechanism. An in-depth examination of the chemical and morphological nature of the IO material was performed using X-ray crystallography, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman scattering and scanning/transmission electron microscopy. Electrodeposition is demonstrated to be a function of the interstitial void fraction of the artificial opal and ionic diffusivity that leads to high quality, phase pure V 2 O 5 inverse opals is not adversely affected by diffusion pathway tortuosity. Methods to alleviate electrodeposited overlayer formation on the artificial opal templates for the fabrication of the porous 3D structures are also demonstrated. Such a 3D material is ideally suited as a cathode for lithium ion batteries, electrochromic devices, sensors and for applications requiring high surface area electrochemically active metal oxides. The growth in portable electronics and the need for cleaner energy solutions has led to the rising interest in materials research and energy storage material architectures that may help drive advancement in energy storage technologies to mitigate current issues in some energy storage materials and batteries such as capacity fading and lower life times, for example. [1][2][3][4] In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) material architectures 5 have become a particularly attractive approach to achieving significant improvements in charge rate performance, maintenance of specific capacity and opportunities for higher power density supercapacitors. [6][7][8][9] For this reason, the development of synthesis routes for the fabrication of three-dimensional nanostructured active materials onto metallic current collector substrates is important. [10][11][12][13] Electrodeposition is a particularly facile route for the formation of metal and metal oxide films on a variety of conductive substrates and has recently gained a lot of attention for synthesising three-dimensional materials when combined with templates and sacrificial architecture-directing structures. [14][15][16][17] Vanadium pentoxide is a particularly attractive replacement cathode material with its mixed valence, V 4+ and V 5+ , making it an ideal candidate for a large number of redox-dependent applications. 23-26 While the lattice structure is theoretically maintained upon mild intercalation, phase changes are known to occur and the interlayer van der Waals spacing characteristic of its layered orthorhombic crystal structure can become deformed at lower voltages (higher Li mole fraction). 27,28 Large particle sizes can also limit the solid state diffusional rate of cation insertion. The growth of a porous, thre...

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Electrochemical properties of vanadium oxide coatings grown by hydrothermal synthesis on FTO substrates

Cited by 36 publications

References 51 publications

Using an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for the Development of V2O5 as an Electrochromic Material

Using an Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Process for the Development of V2O5 as an Electrochromic Material

Electrodeposition of Vanadium Oxides at Room Temperature as Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries

3D Vanadium Oxide Inverse Opal Growth by Electrodeposition

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