Electrochemical properties of nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 powders synthesized by a sol–gel process and characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Venkateswarlu, M.; Chen, C. H.; S., J.; Lin, Chih‐Yuan; Chou, Tse‐Chuan; Hwang, Bing‐Joe

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.016

Cited by 106 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…[18][19][20] However, in solid-state synthesis, high-temperature calcination is often required. As a result, the products with inhomogeneity, irregular morphology and big particle size might be obtained and exhibit poor electrochemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐temperature Synthesis of Peony‐like Spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as a High‐performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Xia

Jiao

et al. 2011

Chin. J. Chem.

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Peony-like spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 was synthesized via calcination of precursor at the temperature of 400 ℃, and the precursor was prepared through a hydrothermal process in which the reaction of hydrous titanium oxide with lithium hydroxide was conducted at 180 ℃. The as-prepared product was investigated by SEM, TEM and XRD, respectively. As anode material for lithium ion battery, the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 obtained was also characterized by galvanostatic tests and cyclic voltammetry measurements. It is found that the peony-like Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 exhibited high rate capability of 119.7 mAh•g -1 at 10 C and good capacity retention of 113.8 mAh•g -1 after 100 cycles at 5 C, and these results indicate the peony-like Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 has promising applications for lithium ion batteries with high performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐temperature Synthesis of Peony‐like Spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as a High‐performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Xia

Jiao

et al. 2011

Chin. J. Chem.

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“…21 The weak triplet pre-edge (peak A) at around 4971 eV corresponds to the transition of 1s→3d unoccupied states, which is the electric dipole-forbidden and quadruple-allowed transition due to the hybridization of 3d and 4p orbitals. 22,23 The shoulder peaks (peak B) at higher energy represent a shakedown process transition of 1s→4p caused by ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). The strongest absorption main edge (peak C) is the pure dipole-allowed 1s→4p transition without the shakedown process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/Co₃O₄Composite for Improved Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Hong

Ryu

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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To take advantage of the best properties of both LTO and Co 3 O 4 , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /Co 3 O 4 composites were synthesized by the solution combustion and solution precipitation methods. The diffraction patterns of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO), Co 3 O 4 , and LTO/Co 3 O 4 composites were well-indexed as a cubic spinel structure with the Fd-3m space group. As shown in the FE-SEM images, the Co 3 O 4 particles are attached on the surface of LTO, especially in the pore, and this structure is expected to prevent volume expansion and particle aggregation of Co 3 O 4 particles. As expected, the LTO/Co 3 O 4 composite had higher capacity than that of LTO, with a decreased slope and an extended plateau region over the voltage range of 0.01-3.0 V. LTO/Co 3 O 4 -20 delivered a reversible discharge capacity of 300 mAh g −1 at a constant current density of 160 mA g −1 . Also, it exhibited only a slight capacity drop with increasing current density. Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy were also conducted to Spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) has an excellent reversibility of Li-ion intercalation/de-intercalation and exhibits zero-strain volume change during cycling with excellent safety performance. Moreover, LTO has a high voltage plateau at 1.55 V vs. Li/Li + , which can avoid the formation of metallic lithium. Therefore, LTO has been investigated to use as the anode material of lithium ion batteries for energy storage, electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles.1-3 However, unfortunately LTO has a low electronic conductivity with a low theoretical capacity of 175 mAh g −1 . These drawbacks restrict its applications in high-power storage devices. In this work, we attempted to overcome the low theoretical capacity of LTO and the poor cycling performance of Co 3 O 4 by synthesizing the LTO/Co 3 O 4 composites. Firstly, pristine LTO was synthesized by a two-step solution-combustion method and then LTO/Co 3 O 4 composites were synthesized by a solution precipitation method. ExperimentalMaterials synthesis.-LTO was synthesized using a solutioncombustion reaction.14 Titanium (IV) isopropoxide [Ti{OCH(CH 3 ) 2 } 4 ] was slowly dropped into distilled water under 10• C. After white precipitates (TiO(OH) 2 ) were observed, nitric acid was added and the mixture was constantly stirred until the appearance turned to transparent. Then, lithium nitrate was dissolved in distilled water and glycine was added as a fuel. After stirring at 80• C for 5 h to form a viscous gel, the precursor was dropped into an alumina crucible preheated to 500• C. This crucible was placed in a muffle furnace and heated at 750• C for 12 h. LTO/Co 3 O 4 composites were synthesized by using precipitation reaction of Co 2+ ion. The as-prepared LTO was uniformly dispersed in distilled water under stirring for 30 min, after that a certain quantity of Co(NO 3 ) 6 · H 2 O was dropped into the solution with mass ratios of 20 and 40, respectively. Then, NH 3 · H 2 O was slowly added into the above suspension and then s...

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“…The differences of the specific capacity and discharge time between the hybrid supercapacitor and EDLC show that the hybrid supercapacitor system (AC/Li 4 The Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 electrode exhibits oxidation-reduction behavior. However, the activated carbon electrode exhibits a double-layer electric behavior attributed to the electrostatic adsorbing-desorbing process of PF 6 − on AC. Figs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Small-sized particle will obviously shorten the Li + diffusion path and broaden the electrode/electrolyte contact surface [2]. Various synthesis methods are available for the fabrication of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 such as, solid-state reaction [3][4][5], sol-gel [6][7][8], hydrothermal [9], spray pyrolysis [10], molten salt [11], and microwave irradiation [12]. Generally, spinel-Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is synthesized by a conventional solid-state reaction using TiO 2 and Li 2 CO 3 (or LiOH) as starting materials at high temperatures [13] because solid-state reaction using Li and Ti source as raw materials is easy and economical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characteristics of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitor

Lee¹,

Yoon²

2012

Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology

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-Spinel-Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 was successfully synthesized by a solid-phase method at 800, 850, and 900℃ according to the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 cubic spinel phase structure. To achieve higher EDLC energy density with the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , the negative electrode of the hybrid supercapacitor was studied in this work. The electrochemical performances of the hybrid supercapacitor and EDLC were characterized by constant current discharge curves, c-rate, and cycle performance testing. The capacitance (1st cycle) of the hybrid supercapacitor and EDLC was 209 and 109 F, respectively, which is higher than EDLC. The capacitance of the hybrid supercapacitor decreases from 209 F to 101 F after 20 cycles when discharged at several specific current densities ranging from 1 to 10 A. In contrast, capacitance of the EDLC hardly decreases after 20 cycles. Results show that hybrid supercapacitor benefits from the high rate capability of supercapacitor and high capacity of the battery. Findings also prove that the hybrid supercapacitor is an energy storage device where the supercapacitor and the Li ion secondary battery coexist in one cell system.

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Electrochemical properties of nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 powders synthesized by a sol–gel process and characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Cited by 106 publications

References 18 publications

Low‐temperature Synthesis of Peony‐like Spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as a High‐performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Low‐temperature Synthesis of Peony‐like Spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as a High‐performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/Co₃O₄Composite for Improved Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Preparation and Characteristics of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitor

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Electrochemical properties of nano-sized Li4Ti5O12 powders synthesized by a sol–gel process and characterized by X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Cited by 106 publications

References 18 publications

Low‐temperature Synthesis of Peony‐like Spinel Li4Ti5O12 as a High‐performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Low‐temperature Synthesis of Peony‐like Spinel Li4Ti5O12 as a High‐performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Li4Ti5O12/Co3O4Composite for Improved Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Preparation and Characteristics of Li4Ti5O12Anode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitor

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Low‐temperature Synthesis of Peony‐like Spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as a High‐performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Low‐temperature Synthesis of Peony‐like Spinel Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ as a High‐performance Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂/Co₃O₄Composite for Improved Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries

Preparation and Characteristics of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂Anode Material for Hybrid Supercapacitor