Electrochemical processes mediated via adsorbed Enzymes: Flat and porous electrodes Compared. Understanding Nano-confinement

Distinguishing Heterogeneous and Homogeneous CE Mechanisms: Theoretical Insights into Square-Wave Voltammetry

“…13 Later, it has been demonstrated that these two types of chemical reactions can be clearly differentiated under conditions of square-wave voltammetry (SWV) for an adsorption complicated EC mechanism, owing to the notable sensitivity of the technique to the adsorption equilibria. 15−17 In the light of contemporary electrochemistry focused on electrode processes at surface-modified electrodes, 18 in particular electrodes modified with enzymes, 19,20 and/or nanoparticles, 21 the intrinsic nature of the accompanying chemical reaction is becoming an important question. The strong catalytic activity of surface-confined enzymes or noble metal nanoparticles prompts chemical reactions taking place at the electrode surface only, 22,23 which either precede or follow the electrode reaction.…”

“…In the light of contemporary electrochemistry focused on electrode processes at surface-modified electrodes, in particular electrodes modified with enzymes, , and/or nanoparticles, the intrinsic nature of the accompanying chemical reaction is becoming an important question. The strong catalytic activity of surface-confined enzymes or noble metal nanoparticles prompts chemical reactions taking place at the electrode surface only, , which either precede or follow the electrode reaction.…”

Design principles for a nanoconfined enzyme cascade electrode via reaction–diffusion modelling

“…The current–voltage behaviour of an enzyme in porous electrodes has been investigated by modelling, but only for a single enzyme (with no coupled downstream reaction) where nanoconfinement may have no significance. 15 In this paper, we use reaction–diffusion modelling to calculate concentration profiles for a porous electrode with multiple enzymes immobilized, and investigate the effects of various parameters such as the downstream reaction rate and electrode porosity. These modelling results provide guidelines for future design and development of the electrochemical leaf system towards practical-scale current densities.…”