Electrochemical Performances of Yttrium Doped Li₃V_2–XY_X(PO₄)₃/C Cathode Material for Lithium Secondary Battery

Abstract

We report the development of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle (HAp NP)-functionalized hetero-graft materials (HGMs) for dental applications. These HGMs were prepared by attaching platelet-, needle-, and sphere-shaped HAp NPs to the surface of xenograft materials through chemical conjugation. Although all three HAp NPs contributed to increase the surface area of bone graft material (BGM), the shape of the HAp NPs was a determining factor. Platelet HAp NPs were most effective, because they caused a 48.9% increase in BGM surface area whereas the influence of the spherical NP was only a 6.7% increase. This suggests that geometric factors regarding both the attached HAp NPs and graft material surface are essential in controlling the surface roughness of graft materials. Among the three HAp NPs, it was the platelet HAp NPs that helped to increase the efficacy of the BGM most significantly. Compared with BGM with no HAp NP attachment, HGM with platelet HAp NP ('platelet-HGM) treatment had ~46.1% higher cell attachment and proliferation rate. The MTT assay also showed that the HAp NP-treated hetero-graft materials had negligible cytotoxicity.

Physicochemical characterization of porcine bone-derived grafting material and comparison with bovine xenografts for dental applications

“…Physicochemical properties are even more important for xenografts [ 2 ]. Xenografts have clear advantages, as they can be mass-produced in large quantities at relatively affordable processing costs.…”

Investigation of Tetravalent Cation Doping with (M = Sn4+, Zr4+, and Ge4+) on the Electrochemical Properties of Monoclinic Li3V2(PO4)3 Using First-Principles Calculations

“…The poor electrical conductivity of this material (∼10 −8 S.cm −1 ) can be directly linked to the large separation between V ions in the framework of LVP due to the PO 4 tetrahedra. 22,23 To enhance the overall electrochemical performance of LVP, several approaches have been adopted, such as carbon coating, 24 reducing the size of the particles [25][26][27] and most commonly used, cationic doping, such as divalent cation doping (Mg 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , … ), [28][29][30] trivalent (Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Cr 3+ , Y 3+ , … ) [31][32][33][34][35] and tetravalent cation doping (Sn 4+ , Zr 4+ , Ge 4+ , Ti 4+ , … ). 23,[36][37][38][39][40][41] According to these studies, cation doping was found to influence the particle size, the electrical conductivity, structural stability and Li + mobility of the material, all of which have a significant impact on its electrochemical performance rated by the capacity, the energy density, and the cycling stability.…”