Electrochemical performance of lithium gel polymer battery with nanostructured sulfur/carbon composite cathode

Zhao, Yan; Zhang, Yongguang; Bakenov, Zhumabay; Chen, P.

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2013.01.002

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…[ 119 ] While it is argued, based on a phenomenological viewpoint, that polysulfi de diffusion in these systems should be hindered, this has not been thoroughly investigated. [ 118 ] However, several studies have reported improvements in cycle-life over controls indicating that the GPE is affecting the system in a positive way.…”

Section: Gel-polymer Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Design of Cathodes for Li‐S Batteries

Pope

Aksay

2015

Advanced Energy Materials

417

330

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Optimized Li-ion batteries can now achieve specifi c energies ( E ) up to ≈200 Wh kg −1 but only marginal improvements to this technology are expected in the near future as cells reach their theoretical limits. [ 3,5,6 ] While signifi cant progress has been made, [ 7 ] continued improvements to drive range, decreased charging times and more effi cient operation at high power are required to effectively accept energy generated during braking [ 8 ] and to make charging times more convenient for consumers who are used to spending only a few minutes fi lling their tanks with gas as opposed to overnight charging required by current battery systems.Cost is also a factor. Most Li-ion batteries are too expensive to be economical for grid level storage and also make the price of electric vehicles prohibitively expensive for the average consumer. A state-of-the-art Li-ion battery pack costs ≈$400 per kWh, [ 7 ] a fi gure which needs to be reduced to ≈$150 per kWh as suggested by the US Advanced Battery Consortium. [ 8 ] In a recent review, Larcher and Tarascon also pointed out the importance of the sustainability of materials and processes used to make these batteries. [ 5 ] In order to reduce the energy and fossil fuel consumption associated with materials extraction and battery manufacturing we must look towards abundant, accessible, recyclable materials and low temperature production processes. [ 5 ] Advantages of Li-S BatteriesLithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are regarded as one of the most promising systems as they hold the potential to address most of the challenges discussed above. Sulfur is abundant and inexpensive, currently produced in large quantities, as a waste product of the oil and gas industry and is also naturally occurring, being the 16 th most abundant element in the Earth's lithosphere. [ 9 ] Sulfur's low melting point (115.2 °C) and sublimation temperature lead to potentially more energy effi cient manufacturing approaches. Most importantly, the electrochemical reduction of sulfur: S + 2Li + → Li 2 S + 2e − , yields a theoretical capacity of 1672 mAh g −1 sulfur which is an order of magnitude larger than state-of-the-art Li-ion cathode materials such as LiCoO 2 , LiFePO 4 , and NCA which exhibit theoretical capacities of 140-180 mAh g −1 . [ 1,3,5 ] This high cathode capacity ( Q C ) arises through a combination of sulfur's low molecular weight ( M W = 32.06) and the net two-electrons ( n = 2) generated through the Battery technologies involving Li-S chemistries have been touted as one of the most promising next generation systems. The theoretical capacity of sulfur is nearly an order of magnitude higher than current Li-ion battery insertion cathodes and when coupled with a Li metal anode, Li-S batteries promise specifi c energies nearly fi ve-fold higher. However, this assertion only holds if sulfur cathodes could be designed in the same manner as cathodes for Li-ion batteries. Here, the recent efforts to engineer high capacity, thick, sulfur-based cathodes are explored. Various works are compared in ...

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Section: Gel-polymer Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Design of Cathodes for Li‐S Batteries

Pope

Aksay

2015

Advanced Energy Materials

417

330

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“…The main problems include: low utilization of sulfur because of its poor electrical conductivity and rapid capacity loss on repeated cycling because of dissolution of polysulfides into the electrolytes. 3 Various methods have been explored to address the above mentioned issue, including addition of various types of conductive carbon materials [4][5][6][7][8][9] and conductive polymers. [10][11][12][13] Notably, the dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) with sulfur has been proven to be an effective and facile method to reinforce the electric conductivity of the cathode and prevent dissolution of lithium polysulfides into the electrolytes.…”

Section: ¹1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Aqueous Suspension with Surfactant Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate for Lithium/Sulfur Rechargeable Batteries

et al. 2016

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Due to the hydrophobic nature of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT), sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) was adopted as a surfactant to synthesize a well-dispersed, homogeneous MWNT aqueous suspension. By simple stirring mixing of the resultant MWNT suspension with nano-sulfur aqueous suspension, a novel porous sulfur/ multiwalled carbon nanotube composite (S/MWNT) was synthesized. This preparation method based on the suspension mixing possesses the advantages of simplicity and low cost. Homogeneous dispersion and integration of MWNT in the composite results in a porous, highly conductive and mechanically flexible framework with enhanced electronic conductivity and ability to absorb the polysulfides into its porous structure. The cell with this S/MWNT composite cathode demonstrates a high reversibility, resulting in a stable reversible specific discharge capacity of 708 mAh g −1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. Furthermore, the S/MWNT composite cathode with sulfur content of 62.5 wt% exhibits a good rate capability with discharge capacities of 946, 780 and 516 mAh g −1 at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 C, respectively.

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“…Solid PEs based on PEO, [3,10,[120][121][122][123][124][125] and gel PEs based on PEO [11], PVdF/P(VdF-HFP) [12,34,46,120,126], polyacrylonitrile (PAN) [127], poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) [128], and acrylates/ methacrylates [129] have been studied for Li/S cells. Lithium salts such as LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiTFSI, LiClO 4 and LiPF 6 were most often used and the solvents for preparing gel electrolytes were mainly DME/DOL, TEGDME, EC/DMC and PC/EC.…”

Section: Polymer Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium/Sulfur Secondary Batteries: A Review

Zhao

Cheruvally

Kim

et al. 2016

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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Lithium batteries based on elemental sulfur as the cathode-active material capture great attraction due to the high theoretical capacity, easy availability, low cost and non-toxicity of sulfur. Although lithium/sulfur (Li/S) primary cells were known much earlier, the interest in developing Li/S secondary batteries that can deliver high energy and high power was actively pursued since early 1990's. A lot of technical challenges including the low conductivity of sulfur, dissolution of sulfurreduction products in the electrolyte leading to their migration away from the cathode, and deposition of solid reaction products on cathode matrix had to be tackled to realize a high and stable performance from rechargeable Li/S cells. This article presents briefly an overview of the studies pertaining to the different aspects of Li/S batteries including those that deal with the sulfur electrode, electrolytes, lithium anode and configuration of the batteries.

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Electrochemical performance of lithium gel polymer battery with nanostructured sulfur/carbon composite cathode

Cited by 84 publications

References 47 publications

Structural Design of Cathodes for Li‐S Batteries

Structural Design of Cathodes for Li‐S Batteries

Synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Aqueous Suspension with Surfactant Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate for Lithium/Sulfur Rechargeable Batteries

Lithium/Sulfur Secondary Batteries: A Review

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