Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 nanorods obtained from hydrothermal process

Huang, Xiaojun; Yan, Shengjie; Zhao, Huiying; Zhang, Lei; Guo, Rui; Chang, Chengkang; Kong, Xiangyang; Han, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.matchar.2010.04.002

Cited by 37 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Since the seminal work performed by Goodenough and co-workers [1,2], olivine LiFePO 4 has attracted the most interest due to its low cost, low toxicity, high thermal stability, and excellent electrochemical properties. Specifically, LiFePO 4 exhibits a high, flat voltage profile, good cycle stability, and a high theoretical specific capacity (~170 mAh/g) [3,4]. The material also possesses a relatively high lithium intercalation voltage of 3.5 V, relative to lithium metal [3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, a reduction in particle size from the bulk to the nanoscale would minimize the path length for Li + ion diffusion and facilitate electron transport through the material. It has also been suggested that nanoparticles maintain less mechanical strain, thereby enabling faster lithium ion diffusion into the material upon reversible intercalation, which would allow for improved cycle lifetimes [4,7]. Nanostructured LiFePO 4 also possesses increased surface area-to-volume ratios as compared with their bulk analogues, which facilitates electrochemical performance by increasing the interface region between the metal oxide and the electrolyte [4,6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been suggested that nanoparticles maintain less mechanical strain, thereby enabling faster lithium ion diffusion into the material upon reversible intercalation, which would allow for improved cycle lifetimes [4,7]. Nanostructured LiFePO 4 also possesses increased surface area-to-volume ratios as compared with their bulk analogues, which facilitates electrochemical performance by increasing the interface region between the metal oxide and the electrolyte [4,6,7]. As such, there have been extensive reports regarding the preparation and characterization of LiFePO 4 nanostructures [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As such, there have been extensive reports regarding the preparation and characterization of LiFePO 4 nanostructures [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. In particular, one-dimensional (1-D) nanomaterials, such as nanowires (NWs), nanotubes, nanorods, and nanoribbons, are expected to play a significant role in advancing the inherent LiFePO 4 battery performance, due to their uniquely advantageous structural and electronic properties [3,4,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

et al. 2015

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LiFePO 4 materials have become increasingly popular as a cathode material due to the many benefits they possess including thermal stability, durability, low cost, and long life span. Nevertheless, to broaden the general appeal of this material for practical electrochemical applications, it would be useful to develop a relatively mild, reasonably simple synthesis method of this cathode material. Herein, we describe a generalizable, 2-step methodology of sustainably synthesizing LiFePO 4 by incorporating a template-based, ambient, surfactantless, seedless, U-tube protocol in order to generate size and morphologically tailored, crystalline, phase-pure nanowires. The purity, composition, crystallinity, and intrinsic quality of these wires were systematically assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), and high-resolution synchrotron XRD. From these techniques, we were able to determine that there is an absence of any obvious defects present in our wires, supporting the viability of our synthetic approach. Electrochemical analysis was also employed to assess their electrochemical activity. Although our nanowires do not contain any noticeable impurities, we attribute their less than optimal electrochemical rigor to differences in the chemical bonding between our LiFePO 4 nanowires and their bulk-like counterparts. Specifically, we demonstrate for the first time experimentally that the Fe-O3 chemical bond plays an important role in determining the overall conductivity of the material, an assertion which is further supported by recent "first-principles" calculations. Nonetheless, our ambient, solution-based synthesis technique is capable of generating highly crystalline and phase-pure energy-storage-relevant nanowires that can be tailored so as to fabricate different sized materials of reproducible, reliable morphology.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

et al. 2015

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“…• The samples B and C cannot be utilized completely due to incomplete coverage of carbon content on LFP (as shown in HRTEM image) which causes the low conductivity and large particle size of the materials. An increment of particles size could provide more space for Lithium intercalation and de-intercalation process [47][48][49][50]. During the lithium ion insertion/ de-insertion cyclic performance of the samples (B and C) may be attributing to the formation of cracks and subsequent pulverization of the materials because of the volumetric change of the LFP particles [51,52].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A facile synthesis and characterization of LiFePO4/C using simple binary reactants with oxalic acid by polyol technique and other high temperature methods

Muruganantham

Sivakumar

2015

J Mater Sci: Mater Electron

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An attempt has been made to synthesize the carbon coated Fe-based phospho-olivine nano-crystalline cathode materials using simple binary sources via polyol method. Also, a curious attempt has been made to compare the material with the high temperature methods, viz., hydrothermal and solid state method with the same binary sources as raw materials and oxalic acid as a carbon source. The thermal behaviour of the mixed raw materials of LiFePO 4 and thermal stability of the final prepared materials were characterized by TGA. The prepared materials were confirmed as orthorhombic olivine structure with Pnma space group. LiFePO 4 /C material prepared by Polyol method exhibits an initial reverse capacity of 150 mAh g -1 at 0.1 C rate under room temperature. Also, stable capacity of 143 mAh g -1 has been observed over 50 cycles at 0.1 C rate at room temperature among the other methods studied. It may be due to the coverage of tiny particles by carbon and it leads to provide better electronic conductivity and thereby provides good electrochemical performances.

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Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Process Towards Development of LiMPO₄ (M = Fe, Mn) Nanomaterials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Devaraju

Honma

2012

Advanced Energy Materials

294

167

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Positive electrodes such as LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 nanomaterials with olivine structures are considered as most efficient cathode materials for application in lithium ion batteries. Recently, several methods have been proposed for the preparation of lithium metal phosphates as cathodes for lithium ion batteries and their electrochemical performances have been investigated. Over the last 20 years, several synthetic methods have been proposed for lithium metal phosphate nanomaterials. In this review, hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses of LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 nanomaterials at low and high temperatures are discussed, including microwave-hydrothermal and microwave-solvothermal methods. The effect of particle size and particle morphology on the electrochemical properties of LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 cathode materials are also discussed. In addition, the recently emerged supercritical solvothermal and supercritical hydrothermal syntheses of LiFePO 4 and LiMnPO 4 nanomaterials and their electrochemical property also been addressed.in high-power systems such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and electric vehicles (EVs). In this context, olivine LiMPO 4 (M = Fe, Mn, Co, Ni) serves as an excellent candidate for cathode materials when compared with other cathodes such as LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , and LiMn 2 O 4 , [1] because these materials are inexpensive and environmentally benign, and the covalently bonded PO 4 groups together with the chemically more stable Fe 2+/3+ couple offer excellent thermal stability and safety. [1,2] Moreover, with a theoretical capacity of 170 mAh g −1 , LiFePO 4 operates at a flat voltage of 3.45 V versus Li/Li + , which is compatible with the commercial electrolytes used now in lithium ion batteries. On the other hand, the other LiMPO 4 (M = Mn, Co, and Ni) cathodes with Mn 2+/3+ , Co 2+/3+ , and Ni 2+/3+ couples have been shown to operate at much higher voltages of 4.1, 4.8, and 5.

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Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 nanorods obtained from hydrothermal process

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

A facile synthesis and characterization of LiFePO4/C using simple binary reactants with oxalic acid by polyol technique and other high temperature methods

Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Process Towards Development of LiMPO₄ (M = Fe, Mn) Nanomaterials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 nanorods obtained from hydrothermal process

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

Ambient synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical activity of LiFePO4 nanomaterials derived from iron phosphate intermediates

A facile synthesis and characterization of LiFePO4/C using simple binary reactants with oxalic acid by polyol technique and other high temperature methods

Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Process Towards Development of LiMPO4 (M = Fe, Mn) Nanomaterials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

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Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Process Towards Development of LiMPO₄ (M = Fe, Mn) Nanomaterials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries