Electrochemical performance of highly mesoporous nitrogen doped carbon cathode in lithium–oxygen batteries

Kichambare, Padmakar; Kumar, Jitendra; Rodrigues, Stanley; Kumar, Binod

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.112

Cited by 170 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The carbon electrode was made of N-doped Ketjen black and calgon-activated carbon. [ 42 ] This battery exhibited a high discharge potential and a low charge potential corresponding to 2.8 V and 3.6 V respectively, at an operating temperature of 75 °C. Zhou et al [ 44 ] also investigated the solidstate lithium/air battery using a Li/CE (ceramic electrolyte)/LAGP@CNT (carbon nanotube) confi guration.…”

Section: Solid-state Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 92%

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The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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gas. At the same time, the penetration of renewable energy sources has opened up the possibility of creating a CO 2 -neutral mobility system, where electric vehicles are powered by wind, hydro, and solar energy.Broad fi nancial efforts are being made at a governmental and industrial level to fund research into new areas of energy storage. The U.S. Department of Energy has allocated $20 million to energy storage research in 2012 and $15 million the following year, while the German government has committed itself to ¤200 million between 2011 and 2018; [ 1 ] similar schemes are also being promoted in Japan by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO). The EU-backed "Horizon 2020" program aims at funding research into energy storage technologies, a fi eld where the European Union lags behind the U.S. and East Asia. [ 2 ] Lithium-ion technology has established itself as a type of reliable energy-storage chemistry over the past 20 years, fi rst being used in camcorders, then mobile phones, laptops, and more recently electric cars. However, as the size of the battery pack increases, so does the belief that the cost per kW h and its energy density are not suitable for practical vehicle applications. The Tesla Model S, which sports a 400 km driving range, does so with a whopping 85 kW h battery pack that alone has up to twice the price of a standard economy car. With a current cost higher than 400 $ kW h −1 , electric cars have so far only entered a niche, high-end market where users are willing to pay a premium. Resizing the battery pack, and so the total cost of an electric car, results in a limited driving range (typically 100-150 km) that automatically restricts the use for long-haul journeys and triggers the so-called "range anxiety" feeling. For these reasons, the need to develop energy-storage technologies that enable at least a 500 km driving range, while retaining the same battery pack volume at an affordable price, is of primary interest for governments and car manufacturers. A Brief History of Lithium/Air BatteriesOver the years, the scientifi c community has focused its interest on advanced lithium-ion and fuel cells with only incremental improvements being made. Lithium-ion technology in particular is predicted to reach an asymptotic limit in specifi c Lithium/air is a fascinating energy storage system. The effective exploitation of air as a battery electrode has been the long-time dream of the battery community. Air is, in principle, a no-cost material characterized by a very high specifi c capacity value. In the particular case of the lithium/air system, energy levels approaching that of gasoline have been postulated. It is then not surprising that, in the course of the last decade, great attention has been devoted to this battery by various top academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. This intense investigation, however, has soon highlighted a series of issues that prevent a rapid development of the Li/air electrochemical system. Although several breakthroughs have be...

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Section: Solid-state Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…[40][41][42][43] The electrolyte used in this case was based on lithium aluminum germanium phosphate (LAGP) mixed with polyethylene oxide (PEO). The carbon electrode was made of N-doped Ketjen black and calgon-activated carbon.…”

Section: Solid-state Electrolytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

et al. 2014

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“…Large surface area and pore volume are definitely desirable [7], but the pores size distribution (PSD) of the electrode material also plays an important role [8]. At the beginning of the discharge, the micropores and some of the mesopores with smaller size than that of the lithium oxide particles would be easily blocked, and will not be further accessed by either oxygen or Li þ , making them unavailable; in contrast, for the pores with too large size, the growing lithium oxide layer with low conductivity will make the polarization of the electrochemical reaction higher and thus, the discharge process would end before the whole pore volume is occupied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of mixed carbon materials with improved oxygen transport in a lithium-air battery

Zhang

et al. 2013

Journal of Power Sources

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“…19 The doped nitrogen heteroatoms favor improvement in cell discharge performance which is attributed to the cathodic electrocatalytic activity. However, in these studies, nitrogen atoms are generally introduced through aertreatment such as calcination in NH 3 atmosphere and so on, which may destroy the original pore structure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen enriched mesoporous carbon as a high capacity cathode in lithium–oxygen batteries

Nie

Zhang

et al. 2013

Nanoscale

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a Nitrogen enriched mesoporous carbon (N-MCS) with extremely high mesopore volume and nitrogen content is prepared through a onestep hard template method. The N-MCS cathode shows excellent discharge performance in lithium-oxygen batteries. The pore space is better utilized due to its optimized pore structure and uniformly incorporated N.Lithium-oxygen batteries with a non-aqueous electrolyte are attracting more and more interest because of their extremely high energy density.1 Ogasawara et al. predicted that the specic energy density of a lithium-oxygen battery could be more than 10 times higher than that of current Li-ion batteries.

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Electrochemical performance of highly mesoporous nitrogen doped carbon cathode in lithium–oxygen batteries

Cited by 170 publications

References 29 publications

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

The Lithium/Air Battery: Still an Emerging System or a Practical Reality?

The use of mixed carbon materials with improved oxygen transport in a lithium-air battery

Nitrogen enriched mesoporous carbon as a high capacity cathode in lithium–oxygen batteries

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