Electrochemical Performance of Free‐Standing and Flexible Graphene and TiO₂ Composites with Different Conductive Polymers as Electrodes for Supercapacitors

Abstract

The advantage of using composite electrode materials for energy storagei s, to al arge extent,t he synergistic role of their components. Our work focuses on the investigation of the interactionso feach phase, exploringt he patterns found with the change of materials to provide theoretical or experimental foundations for future study.H ere, conductive polymers (CPs), including polyaniline (PANi), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PTh), as well as reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and TiO 2 with the different crystalline phases of anatasea nd rutile were applied to form as eries of freestanding and flexible binary or ternary composite electrodes. The electrochemical behaviors of thesecomposite electrodes are presented.T he resultsi ndicate that the synergistic im-provement in electrochemical performance is due to the incorporation of the different components. CPs significantly increaset he current density of these composite films and contribute their pseudocapacitance to improve the specific capacitance, but lead to ad eclinei nc ycle stability. After intro-ducingT iO 2 ,b oth the specific capacitance andt he cyclestabilityo fr GO-TiO 2 -CP were synergistically improved. AC P can magnify the pseudocapacitance behavior of any of the TiO 2 crystallinep hases, andi nteractions vary with the specific CP and the specific TiO 2 crystalline phase employed. The synergistic effectso ft he as-prepared composites were theoreticallyp redicted and explored.[a] Dr.Supporting information and the ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under: https://doi.

Hybrid Transition‐Metal Oxide and Nitride@N‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Electrodes for High‐Performance, Flexible, and All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors

“…prepared graphene‐wrapped mesoporous Cu‐Ni oxide nanocast composites and reported the synergistic effect of the graphene and the graphene‐wrapped hierarchical mesoporous Cu‐Ni oxide in improving the performance of the as‐prepared device. Our previous work also showed the synergistic effect of graphene and TiO 2 [6a, 8c] …”

Soft materials for wearable supercapacitors

“…ii) Pseudocapacitance, which behaves as the fast reversible redox reactions or reversible intercalation on the surface of the active electrode materials. Reversible redox chemical reactions combined with dynamic equilibrium oxidation, the adsorption and desorption of ions on the surface of electrochemical active materials (Figure 2c), while the reversible intercalation and exfoliation processes behaves as the movement of ions in the electrolyte between the electrodes during the electrochemical energy storage process (Figure 2d) [20][21][22]. According to the above-mentioned energy storage mechanism, the performance of SCs is primarily dependent on the electrode materials and the interactions between the electrode and the electrolyte.…”

A Facile Grinding Method for the Synthesis of 3D Ag Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Containing Ag6Mo7O24 for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

“…In particular, pseudo-capacitor electrode materials can fall into three types:c arbon, [10] conductive polymers, [11][12][13] and metal oxides, [14,15] hydroxide, sulfides, [16] and their composites. [17,18] However,o wing to the redoxr eaction, these materials can undergo mechanical changes,s ot hey usu-ally show poor mechanical stability and then the electrode is not ablet oe xpand or shrink. Therefore, it is promising to adjust the electrode material, that is, to enhance the storage energy of the electrode materialt hrough the formation of a modular molecular structure, whichm ay be tantamount to guidingt he development of new electrode materials.…”

“…The electrode materials are the main factor affecting the performance of SCs. In particular, pseudo‐capacitor electrode materials can fall into three types: carbon, conductive polymers, and metal oxides, hydroxide, sulfides, and their composites . However, owing to the redox reaction, these materials can undergo mechanical changes, so they usually show poor mechanical stability and then the electrode is not able to expand or shrink.…”