Electrochemical Nanotransistor from Mixed‐Polymer Brushes

Tam, Tsz Kin; Pita, Marcos; Motornov, Mikhail; Tokarev, Ihor; Minko, Sergiy; Katz, Evgeny

doi:10.1002/adma.200903610

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The developed approach allowed the electrochemically triggered reversible inhibition (''closing'') of the electrode interface ( Figure 14.5b, inset). The opposite ''opening'' process was also electrochemically triggered when a mixed polymeric brush composed of poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP) and PAA was associated with an electrode surface [83]. Similar to the previous example, the local interfacial pH value was increased upon electrochemical reduction of O 2 resulting in the transition of the polyelectrolyte thin film from a neutral state to a negatively charged form due to dissociation of the PAA component.…”

Section: Potential-switchable Modified Electrodes Based On Electrochesupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The most frequently used approach is based on surface-confined pH-responsive polyelectrolytes reversibly switchable between a charged hydrophilic form permeable for redox species of the opposite charge and a neutral hydrophobic state that is not permeable for ionic species [19,80,81]. These polyelectrolytes can be switched between permeable and nonpermeable forms by local interfacial pH changes generated by electrochemical reactions, being thus switchable by potentials applied on the modified electrode surface [82,83]. For example, a poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP)-brush-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode was used to switch reversibly the interfacial activity upon electrochemical signals [82].…”

Section: Potential-switchable Modified Electrodes Based On Electrochementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protonation-deprotonation of the polymer brush was controlled by the pH value, which could be changed in the bulk solution [19,90,91] or varied locally at the interface by means of electrochemistry (Section 14.4) [82,83]. Further sophistication of the pH-switchable interfaces was achieved by electrode modification with mixed-polymer systems [19,90,91].…”

Section: Chemically/biochemically Switchable Electrodes and Their Coumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrode Interfaces Switchable by Physical and Chemical Signals Operating as a Platform for Information Processing

Katz

2012

Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing

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IntroductionModified electrodes functionalized with various organic monolayers and thin films attached to their conducting surfaces have found numerous applications in electrocatalysis, sensors, and fuel cells [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Particularly, active research was directed to the applications of modified electrodes in different bioelectrochemical systems [8,9], including biosensors [10-13] and biofuel cells [14][15][16][17]. In the past decade, different modified electrodes functionalized with signal-responsive molecules [18], polymers [19], or supramolecular complexes [20] were developed to ''switch on demand'' electrochemical properties of electrode surfaces. Their applications in switchable biosensors [21], fuel cells [22], and electrochemical systems processing information [23] have been suggested. Various physical and/or chemical signals as well as their combinations were used to switch electrochemical properties of the modified interfaces between active and inactive states for specific electrochemical, electrocatalytic, and bioelectrocatalytic reactions. Light signals (irradiation of electrodes with visible or ultraviolet light) [24-31], magnetic field applied at electrode surfaces loaded with magnetic particles or magnetic nanowires [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], and electrical potentials producing chemical changes at the electrode surfaces [44][45][46][47][48] were used to reversibly alternate electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes. Chemical [29,[49][50][51] or biochemical [52] signals resulting in reversible changes of the interfacial properties were also used to switch the electrode activity ON/OFF for specific electrochemical transformations. The present chapter gives an overview of different signal-responsive electrochemical interfaces, emphasizing the importance of scaling up the complexity of the signal-processing systems and their applications in unconventional information-processing systems.

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Section: Potential-switchable Modified Electrodes Based On Electrochesupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Potential-switchable Modified Electrodes Based On Electrochementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Chemically/biochemically Switchable Electrodes and Their Coumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrode Interfaces Switchable by Physical and Chemical Signals Operating as a Platform for Information Processing

Katz

2012

Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing

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“…These systems are capable of responding to external stimuli, generally by reversible swelling-deswelling behavior. Applying polymer brushes, functional coatings with switchable properties, such as wetting properties [6,7], adsorption behavior [8][9][10], ion gating [11], or electrochemical properties [12] have been fabricated. A comprehensive characterization of the responsive behavior and further functionalization is possible using a combined setup of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) together with spectroscopic ellipsometry [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined QCM-D/GE as a tool to characterize stimuli-responsive swelling of and protein adsorption on polymer brushes grafted onto 3D-nanostructures

et al. 2014

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A combined setup of quartz crystal microbalance and generalized ellipsometry can be used to comprehensively investigate complex functional coatings comprising stimuli-responsive polymer brushes and 3D nanostructures in a dynamic, noninvasive in situ measurement. While the quartz crystal microbalance detects the overall change in areal mass, for instance, during a swelling or adsorption process, the generalized ellipsometry data can be evaluated in terms of a layered model to distinguish between processes occurring within the intercolumnar space or on top of the anisotropic nanocolumns. Silicon films with anisotropic nanocolumnar morphology were prepared by the glancing angle deposition technique and further functionalized by grafting of poly-(acrylic acid) or poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) chains. Investigations of the thermoresponsive swelling of the poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) brush on the Si nanocolumns proved the successful preparation of a stimuli-responsive coating. Furthermore, the potential of these novel coatings in the field of biotechnology was explored by investigation of the adsorption of the model protein bovine serum albumin. Adsorption, retention, and desorption triggered by a change in the pH value is observed using poly-(acrylic acid) functionalized nanostructures, although generalized ellipsometry data revealed that this process occurs only on top of the nanostructures. Poly-(N-isopropylacrylamide) is found to render the nanostructures non-fouling properties.

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“…These molecular changes translated into changes of macroscopic surface properties, such as wetting, adhesion, and surface charge, and led to the formation of geometric and chemical nanoscale patterns. The swelling and collapse of polymeric chains in response to external stimuli changed the permeability of homopolymer and mixed-brush layers to ions, and this property could be explored for the creation of electrochemical sensors and biosensors (83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88)(89)(90)(91)(92)(93)(94). In the next subsection, we provide several recent examples of the use of mixed polymer brushes for the regulation of protein adsorption.…”

Section: Smart Surfaces With Responsive Effects At Mesoscalementioning

confidence: 98%

Responsive Surfaces for Life Science Applications

Kuroki

Tokarev

Minko

2012

Annu. Rev. Mater. Res.

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This review describes recent developments in stimuli-responsive biointerfaces based on surface-tethered organic molecules, polymer chains, and polymer networks. The existing systems are classified according to the length scale of transformations occurring in the stimuli-responsive material and interactions of the material with the biological environment. In particular, two types of biointerfaces are considered: those whose interactions with proteins and cells can be switched reversibly or one time due to stimulitriggered changes in molecular conformations or chemical bonds in functional molecules, and those that undergo reversible stimuli-triggered reconstruction at mesoscale due to stimuli-responsive phase behavior. Specific examples of stimuli-responsive surfaces from the recent literature are supplemented with discussion of potential biomedical applications. 343 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2012.42:343-372. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by University of Virginia on 09/30/12. For personal use only.

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Electrochemical Nanotransistor from Mixed‐Polymer Brushes

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Electrode Interfaces Switchable by Physical and Chemical Signals Operating as a Platform for Information Processing

Electrode Interfaces Switchable by Physical and Chemical Signals Operating as a Platform for Information Processing

Combined QCM-D/GE as a tool to characterize stimuli-responsive swelling of and protein adsorption on polymer brushes grafted onto 3D-nanostructures

Responsive Surfaces for Life Science Applications

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