Electrochemical N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase Urinalysis: Toward Sensor Chip-Based Diagnostics of Kidney Malfunction

Vibulcharoenkitja, Piyanuch; Suginta, Wipa; Schulte, Albert

doi:10.3390/biom11101433

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Instrumentation for point-of-care urinalysis tests has been extensively reviewed [ 23 – 26 ]. Several biosensor applications for particular markers in urine were also presented in recent journal articles [ 27 – 31 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine Test Strip Quantitative Assay with a Smartphone Camera

Pohanka,

Zakova

2024

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Urine test strips for urinalysis are a common diagnostic tool with minimal costs and are used in various situations including homecare and hospitalization. The coloration scaled by the naked eye is simple, but it is suitable for semiquantitative analysis only. In this paper, a colorimetric assay is developed based on a smartphone digital camera and urine test strips. Assays of pH, albumin, glucose, and lipase activity were performed as a tool for the diagnosis of aciduria, alkaluria, glycosuria, proteinuria, and leukocyturia. The RGB color channels were analyzed in the colorimetric assay, and the assay exerted good sensitivity, and all the particular diagnoses proved to be reliable. The limits of detection for glucose (0.11 mmol/L), albumin (0.15 g/L), and lipase (2.50 U/μL) were low enough to cover the expected physiological concentration, and the range for pH was also satisfactory. The urine test strips with a camera as an output detector proved applicability to spiked urine samples, and the results were also well in comparison to the standard assays which confirms the practical relevance of the presented findings.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urine Test Strip Quantitative Assay with a Smartphone Camera

Pohanka,

Zakova

2024

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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“…Looking beyond colorimetric and fluorometric reporters, it is surprising that the development of chemiluminescent HEX(NAG) substrates has not been reported beyond two early papers in 1991 and some peripheral mention in the patent literature. − Most recently, HEX(NAG) sensing platforms have been described based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical technologies. ,, From the perspective of bioconjugate chemistry there is an opportunity to develop next-generation substrates with more sophisticated chemical structures that can distinguish between the different isoforms of HEX(NAG), and between members of the different GH3, GH20, and GH84 families of β- N -acetyl- d -hexosaminidases. A selective fluorescent sensor for O-GlcNAcase (OGA, catalyzes the removal of O-GlcNAc from protein serine or threonine residues) would be a very helpful contribution to research on the biology of protein O-GlcNAcylation and its role in Alzheimer’s disease and osteoarthritis …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Optical Sensors of N-Acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidase (N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase)

Morsby

Smith

2022

Bioconjugate Chem.

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N-Acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidases (EC 3.2.1.52) are exo-acting glycosyl hydrolases that remove N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine (Glc-NAc) or N-acetyl-β-d-galactosamine (Gal-NAc) from the nonreducing ends of various biomolecules including oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The same enzymes are sometimes called N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidases, and this review article employs the shorthand descriptor HEX(NAG) to indicate that the terms HEX or NAG are used interchangeably in the literature. The wide distribution of HEX(NAG) throughout the biosphere and its intracellular location in lysosomes combine to make it an important enzyme in food science, agriculture, cell biology, medical diagnostics, and chemotherapy. For more than 50 years, researchers have employed chromogenic derivatives of N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide in basic assays for biomedical research and clinical chemistry. Recent conceptual and synthetic innovations in molecular fluorescence sensors, along with concurrent technical improvements in instrumentation, have produced a growing number of new fluorescent imaging and diagnostics methods. A systematic summary of the recent advances in optical sensors for HEX(NAG) is provided under the following headings: assessing kidney health, detection and treatment of infectious disease, fluorescence imaging of cancer, treatment of lysosomal disorders, and reactive probes for chemical biology. The article concludes with some comments on likely future directions.

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“…More and more sensitive, reliable and cost-effective kits will be available that do not require a laboratory background once they have spread. Thus, as a non-invasive test can be a really easy-to-perform AKI pre-screening method [48][49][50].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in early detection of acute kidney injury among pediatric patients with neoplastic disorders in a retrospective study

et al. 2022

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Background The 1-year cumulative incidence of AKI reportedly is high (52%) in pediatric neoplastic disorders. About half of these events occur within 2 weeks. However, subclinical AKI episodes may remain unrecognized by the conventional creatinine-based approaches. We investigated the diagnostic value of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG) as an early marker of acute kidney injury (AKI). Methods In our retrospective study, 33 children with neoplastic disorders were inculded who had serial uNAG tests (at least 5 samples/patient) with a total of 367 uNAG measurements. Renal function was determined by cystatin-C and creatinine based GFR, and relative increase of uNAG index (uNAGRI). We focused on detecting both clinical and subclinical AKI episodes (according to Biomarker-Guided Risk Assessment using pRIFLE criteria and /or elevated uNAG levels) and the incidence of chronic kidney damage. Results Sixty episodes in 26 patients, with positivity at least in one parameter of kidney panel, were identified during the observation period. We detected 18/60 clinical and 12/60 subclinical renal episodes. In 27/60 episodes only uNAG values was elevated with no therapeutic consequence at presentation. Two patients were detected with decreased initial creatinine levels with 3 „silent” AKI. In 13 patients, modest elevation of uNAG persisted suggesting mild, reversible tubular damage, while chronic tubuloglomerular injury occurred in 5 patients. Based on ROC analysis for the occurence of AKI, uNAGRI significantly indicated the presence of AKI, the sensitivity and specificity are higher than the changes of GFRCreat. Serial uNAG measurements are recommended for the reduction of the great amount of false positive uNAG results, often due to overhydratation. Conclusion Use of Biomarker-guided Risk Assessment for AKI identified 1.5 × more clinical and subclinical AKI episodes than with creatinine alone in our pediatric cancer patients. Based on the ROC curve for the occurence of AKI, uNAGRI has relatively high sensitivity and specificity comparable to changes of GFRCysC. The advantage of serial uNAG measurements is to decrease the number of false positive results. Trial registration The consent to participate is not applicable because it was not reqired for ethical approval and it is a retrospectiv study.

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Electrochemical N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase Urinalysis: Toward Sensor Chip-Based Diagnostics of Kidney Malfunction

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Urine Test Strip Quantitative Assay with a Smartphone Camera

Urine Test Strip Quantitative Assay with a Smartphone Camera

Advances in Optical Sensors of N-Acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidase (N-Acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase)

The role of urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase in early detection of acute kidney injury among pediatric patients with neoplastic disorders in a retrospective study

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