Electrochemical molecularly imprinted polymers in microelectrode devices

Abstract

Abstract

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) in Sensors for Environmental and Biomedical Applications: A Review

“…Otherwise, N -isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) [ 58 , 60 , 74 ], and o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) [ 75 , 76 ] may also be cited for the non-covalent approach. Vinylferrocene and ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate have been used as electroactive monomers, which allowed for the electrochemical detection of non-electroactive targets [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. Fewer monomers can be selected for the semi-covalent or covalent approach, since specific bonds must develop; examples of these functional monomers are tert-butyl p-vinylphenol carbonate, 4-vinyl aniline, 4-vinyl benzaldehyde, and 4-vinyl benzene boric acid for covalent [ 61 ], whereas 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane [ 61 ] and m-aminophenylboronic acid [ 60 , 81 ] have been used for semi-covalent imprinting, although it is also highly dependent on the target molecule’s chemistry and interactions.…”

A Continuous-Flow Electrochemical Taylor Vortex Reactor: A Laboratory-Scale High-Throughput Flow Reactor with Enhanced Mixing for Scalable Electrosynthesis

“…Electro-organic synthesis is undergoing a renaissance in recent years even though electrosynthesis has a long history . This resurgence of interest in organic electrosynthesis is due, at least in part, to sustainability becoming a key driver in process development. − From a sustainability standpoint, the replacement of physical reagents with electrons is a highly attractive methodology particularly as the electrical energy could be generated from renewable sources. , Electrochemistry can offer many potential advantages including (i) operating under mild conditions, (ii) providing an alternative route to chemistry that can require hazardous reagents, (iii) improved selectivity, and (iv) initiating novel transformations. − Electrochemistry has been widely studied, and there are many processes that are run on a ton scale, in particular for bulk chemicals. − Nevertheless, electrochemistry has been often overlooked as part of the toolkit due, in part, to the perception of the difficulty of utilizing such an approach effectively …”

Determination of sitagliptin in human plasma using a smart electrochemical sensor based on electroactive molecularly imprinted nanoparticles

“…Previous MIP sensor technology incorporated ferrocene as redox marker into rigid MIP films and hard MIP microbeads prepared by precipitation polymerization methods [47][48][49] . The working principle of these polymers is known as "gate effect", which is frequently used in sensors as a result of changes in the morphology, diffusion and permeability of the polymer triggered by specific interactions with the template molecule 50,51 .…”

“…Previous MIP sensor technology incorporated ferrocene as a redox marker into rigid MIP films and hard MIP microbeads prepared by precipitation polymerization methods. 47–49 The working principle of these polymers is known as the “gate effect”, which is frequently used in sensors as a result of changes in the morphology, diffusion and permeability of the polymer triggered by specific interactions with the template molecule. 50,51 However, the operation mode based on the permeability of the polymeric membrane leads to the saturation of the sensors and limits their use due to the solvents, pH and buffers employed.…”