Electrochemical membrane reactor: Synthesis of quaternary ammonium hydroxide from its halide by in situ ion substitution

Electro‐membrane process for the separation of amino acids by iso‐electric focusing

“…The prepared membrane was dried in ambient condition for 24 h, then at 60 °C for 6 h in a vacuum oven. The AEM used in this work was prepared in the laboratory by a procedure reported earlier and used for various processes 28–31, 36. Thus, the membranes obtained (CEM and AEM) were equilibrated with 1.0 mol L −1 HCl and 1.0 mol L −1 NaOH solution before use.…”

“…There is no ion‐exchange membrane with 100% selectivity. There is no electro‐membrane process (EMP) based on the principles of ED, used for the efficient separation of amino acids, with close MWs and different iso‐electric points 28–31…”

Synthesis of quaternary ammonium hydroxide from its halide salt by bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED): effect of molecular structure of ammonium compounds on the process performance

“…Pure QAOHs are widely used as phase transfer catalysts for diverse chemical transformations, and as the template for preparing nanoparticles, for transesterification, and in thermochemolysis-gas chromatography. 1 In these processes, the use of QAOHs with high purity (assay = 25%, Cl − /Br − concentration ≤ 500 ppm, and total alkali metal ion content ≤ 10 ppm) is critical for enhancing the catalytic performance. However, they are not easily obtained as a pure compound by traditional processes.…”

Ion-exchange membranes in chemical synthesis – a review

“…Membrane electrolysis with CEMs is found to be more applicable for synthesis of lower molecular weight compounds [87] while AEMs allow for the formation of high molecular weight compounds [88,89]. Synthesis by BMED surpasses membrane electrolysis in terms of purity of the product [90,91,92], however, process performance decreases with an increase in the halide salt molecular weight [90].…”