Electrochemical Mechanism of Recovery of Nickel Metal from Waste Lithium Ion Batteries by Molten Salt Electrolysis

Li, Hui; Fu, Yutian; Liang, Jinglong; Li, Chenxiao; Wang, Jing; Yan, Hongyan; Cai, Zongying

doi:10.3390/ma14226875

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is because when the concentration of Pb 2+ was low, the concentration of ions in the electrolyte was smaller and the conductive ions were less, and so, the higher the resistance of the solution leads to the higher the voltage; when the Pb 2+ in the solution increased, the free ions in the solution gradually increased, the voltage will gradually decrease and the power consumption will gradually decrease. The high concentration of Pb 2+ will lead to the increase in solution viscosity and hinder the transport process of conductive ions [8]. As shown in Figure 8, the surface of lead recovered by electrolys was black PbO2 when the concentration of Pb 2+ was 10 g/L, and the electrolytic product was lead with silver metallic luster when the concentration of 40 g/L was too high, but when the concentration of Pb 2+ was too high, the lead element cannot be well attached to the cathode, which leads to it being scattered in the cathode solution.…”

Section: Effect Of Pb 2+ Concentration Of Cathode Solution On Membran...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and Utilization of Lead in Lead–Containing Waste Residue from Electrolytic Manganese Production

Song,

Fan,

Zhou

2023

Metals

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As a metallurgical and chemical raw material, electrolytic manganese is an important strategic resource. However, with the rapid development of the electrolytic manganese industry, the correct disposal of anode slime has become a serious problem. The purpose of this experiment was to reduce the occupation of land resources by the lead–containing waste residue of electrolytic manganese, reduce the pollution caused by the lead–containing waste residue to the environment and provide a reference for the research on the treatment technology and resource utilization of lead–containing waste residue in China. In this experiment, a special process was studied for the composition characteristics of lead–containing waste residues produced by electrolytic manganese. The acid leaching–enrichment–membrane electrolysis process was used to recover the lead in the lead–containing waste residues of electrolytic manganese and to recover the acid, so as to maximize the utilization of resources. In this experiment, the pretreated lead–containing waste residue was leached, enriched and concentrated, and then the enriched Pb2+ solution was used as cathode solution and dilute nitric acid as anode solution to recover lead by membrane electrolysis. The membrane electrolysis experiment uses lead plate as cathode, selects the best anion exchange membrane and anodic electrolysis material, and then takes lead recovery, acid recovery, current efficiency, voltage and power consumption as investigation indexes to explore and analyze the influence of many factors such as Pb2+ concentration and current density on the experiment, so as to determine the best membrane electrolysis process parameters. The optimum process parameters of lead recovery by membrane electrolysis were determined as follows: Pb2+ concentration was 40 g/L, current density was 30 mA/cm2, reaction temperature was 60 °C, cathodic pH value was 4.0, anodic HNO3 concentration was 0.5 mol/L, and cathodic ammonium nitrate concentration was 50 g/L. Under the optimal conditions, the current efficiency was 85.6%, the acid recovery was 73.03%, the lead recovery was 99.2%, the voltage was 3.8 V, and the power consumption was 1148.4 kW·h·t−1. Through the three steps of acid leaching–enrichment–membrane electrolysis, 78.53% of the Pb2+ in the original lead–containing waste residue can be recovered in the form of metal lead element, and the HNO3 recovered in the anode chamber can also be used again in the acid leaching process, which can not only solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by lead–containing waste residue but also achieve the recovery and utilization of resources, with good social and economic benefits.

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Section: Effect Of Pb 2+ Concentration Of Cathode Solution On Membran...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery and Utilization of Lead in Lead–Containing Waste Residue from Electrolytic Manganese Production

Song,

Fan,

Zhou

2023

Metals

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“…6. In a number of works, to lower the temperature of the FFC process, it is proposed to use mixtures of CaCl2 with KCl, NaCl, BaCl2, KF, CaF2 [122][123][124][125]. Lowering the CaCl2 liquidus temperature by adding KCl and NaCl has negative consequences: (a) -the solubility of CaO in melts decreases, which increases the probability of the formation of double oxides on the surface of simple ones;…”

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High-temperature electrochemistry of calcium

Zaikov

Batukhtin

Шуров

et al. 2022

EM&T

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Electrolytically produced calcium is one of the most demanded materials in obtaining pure materials. At the same time, the existing technologies and devices for the electrolytic production of calcium were developed in the last century, and at present there are practically no works aimed at optimizing them. However, increasing the capacity and efficiency of existing devices for the production of calcium is in demand. To analyze possible ways to improve calcium production, a comprehensive understanding of the processes occurring at the electrodes and in the electrolyte during electrolytic production of calcium is required. This review briefly outlines the main points concerning the electrolytic production of calcium: from a brief history of the development of methods for the electrolytic production of calcium and established ideas about its physicochemical processes to information about new developments using the electrolysis of CaCl2-based melts. Review content: brief history of process development; base electrolyte for calcium production, including preparation of CaCl2 and influence of additions on it physicochemical properties; data on calcium solubility in CaCl2; information about alternative electrolytes for calcium production; short description of electrode processes in the CaCl2-based melts; proposed technologies and devices for the electrolytic production of calcium.

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Emerging Processes for Sustainable Li‐Ion Battery Cathode Recycling

Bhattacharyya,

Roy,

Vajtai

2024

Small

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The colossal growth in the use of Li‐ion batteries (LiBs) has raised serious concerns over the supply chain of strategic minerals, e.g., Co, Ni, and Li, that make up the cathode active materials (CAM). Recycling spent LiBs is an important step toward sustainability that can establish a circular economy by effectively tackling large amounts of e‐waste while ensuring an unhindered supply of critical minerals. Among the various methods of LiB recycling available, pyro‐ and hydrometallurgy have been utilized in the industry owing to their ease of operation and high efficiency, although they are associated with significant environmental concerns. Direct recycling, a more recent concept that aims to relithiate spent LiBs without disrupting the lattice structure of the CAMs, has been realized only in the laboratory scale so far and further optimization is required before it can be extended to the bulk scale. Additionally, significant progress has been made in the areas of hydrometallurgy in terms of using ecofriendly green lixiviants and alternate sources of energy, e.g., microwave and electrochemical, that makes the recycling processes more efficient and sustainable. In this review, the latest developments in LiB recycling are discussed that have focused on environmental and economic viability, as well as process intensification. These include deep eutectic solvent based recycling, electrochemical and microwave‐assisted recycling, and various types of direct recycling.

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Electrochemical Mechanism of Recovery of Nickel Metal from Waste Lithium Ion Batteries by Molten Salt Electrolysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Recovery and Utilization of Lead in Lead–Containing Waste Residue from Electrolytic Manganese Production

Recovery and Utilization of Lead in Lead–Containing Waste Residue from Electrolytic Manganese Production

High-temperature electrochemistry of calcium

Emerging Processes for Sustainable Li‐Ion Battery Cathode Recycling

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