Electrochemical Introduction of Amino Group to a Glassy Carbon Surface by the Electrolysis of Carbamic Acid

Abstract

The electrocatalytic activity of a glassy carbon electrode with regard to the oxidation of ammonium carbamate increased with the electrolysis time because of the electrochemical modification of the electrode surface. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data, it was found that a carbon-nitrogen bond was newly formed due to the electrode oxidation of carbamic acid at +1.0V vs Ag∕AgCl . Redox waves of catechol bound to amino group were observed at +0.05V vs Ag∕AgCl when cyclic voltammetry of catechol was carried out by using a glassy carbon electrode pre-electrolyzed in ammonium carbamate solution. This indicates that catechol can be attached to the electrolyzed surface by the reaction of the amino group bound to the pre-electrolyzed electrode surface and 1,2-benzoquinone formed by electrode oxidation. This result supports the concept that an amino group can be introduced by electrolysis in which ammonium carbamate is used as the electrolyte. The electrochemical introduction of the amino group may have occurred due to the decomposition of carbamaic acid attached to the carbon electrode surface.

Synthesis of Polyaniline Based Nanocomposite Graphite Paste Electrode Modified with and Without Rice Husk for Sensor Application: A Comparative Study

“…The last items (alkali and carbon dioxide) are electroinactive; subsequently, if an oxidation current is seen amid the enzymatic response, the middle item should be electrolyzed. In our past review [24,26], one of the last anode response results of urea amid electrolysis has as of now been affirmed to nitrogen. Further, it can be accepted that carbamic corrosive experiences three electrons oxidation to frame nitrogen and carbon dioxide.…”

“…These sensors are meddled by alkali. Another sort of amperometric urea sensor depends on the pH-subordinate anode oxidation of hydrazine [24,25]. Smelling salts creation changes pH and a large portion of traditional ampere metric urea sensors experience the ill effects of the obstruction of alkali.…”

An Amperometric Flow Injection Analysis of Dissolved Hydrogen Molecule Using Tightly Immobilized Electrodeposited Platinum Particles on Nitrogen-containing Functional Groups Introduced Glassy Carbon Electrodes

“…We named this electro-oxidized GC electrode an aminated GC electrode. 11 In this electrochemical modification procedure, not only the amino group but also other nitrogencontaining functional groups can be introduced onto the GC electrode. 12 In the immediate past, the redox waves between hydrogen molecule (H2) and hydrogen ion at highly positive potential range were obtained by using long-term electrode reduction of the aminated GC electrode in a strong acid electrolyte.…”

Voltammetric Detection of Oxalic Acid by Using Glassy Carbon Electrodes with Covalently Attached Nitrogen-containing Functional Groups

“…15 In particular, it has been revealed by us that nitrogen-containing functional groups, such as an amino group, can easily be introduced to the surfaces of a glassy carbon (GC) electrode by the electrode oxidation of ammonium carbamate. 16 We named this electrooxidized GC electrode as an aminated GC electrode. In this modification process, not only the primary amine group (i.e., aniline-like aromatic amine moiety) but also other N-containing functional groups (i.e., the secondary amine-like moieties containing pyrrole-type nitrogen and quaternary amine-like moieties containing graphitic quaternary nitrogen) can be introduced onto the GC electrode surface.…”