Electrochemical Incineration of Phenolic Compounds from the Hydrocarbon Industry Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes

Medel, Alejandro; Bustos, Erika; Esquivel, Karen; God, Luis A.; Meas, Y.

doi:10.1155/2012/681875

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Thus, an air-breathing MFC with a cathodic surface of 24 cm 2 made of carbon paper reached 0.268 A m -2 [35], while another one using carbon cloth with a layer of 0.1 mg cm −2 of Co plus wet-proofing, Nafion ant PTFE achieved 0.125 A m -2 [36] and another one with a 0.5 mg Pt cm -2 deposited on a 7 cm 2 cathode reached 0.429 A m -2 [26] . Better exerted current densities of about 2.12-2.83 A m -2 were obtained by using different catalysts such as Mn, Fe, Co, Ni [37], although these current densities were always lower than the attained in this work. Regarding the efficiency, it increases considerably from 0.04 % during the first days of start-up up to about 23 % at steady state regardless the load of Pt.…”

Section: Analytical and Electrochemical Measurementscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Influence of the Cathode Platinum Loading and of the Implementation of Membranes on the Performance of Air-Breathing Microbial Fuel Cells

et al. 2017

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The use of catalysts and membranes in MFCs is rather controversial. Platinum is the best catalyst to improve the oxygen reduction reaction and the implementation of an ionexchange membrane may help to avoid the oxygen leakages from the cathode to the anode compartments and, therefore, the losses of efficiencies associated to the use of oxygen by microorganisms as the immediate electron acceptor. In this work, it is studied the influence of the platinum loading in the cathode and the implementation of membrane on the performance of an air-breathing MFC. To do this, four cells were operated for 50 days in order to clarify the effect of the platinum loading contained in the cathode (0.25, 0.50, 1.00 and 2.00 mg Pt cm -2 ) and two additional MFCs for more than 100 days in order to evaluate the effect of the membrane on the performance of the MFC. Results obtained point out that the capacity of the MFCs in terms of maximum current density and power depends strongly on the cathodic platinum content, although during the normal operation of the four cells tested, the performance of the MFCs is limited by the anodic processes and hence in the operation tests, no significant changes were observed between the four cells. The results obtained point out that the performance of the MFC in terms of maximum current density and power density from the polarization curves strongly depends on the Pt content of the cathode. This indicates under open circuit conditions, the cathode controls the performance. Nonetheless, during the closed-circuit operation (under 120 Ω resistance), the performance is not cathodically limited as there are no significant changes between the four cells. This suggest that the performance of the MFC is limited by the anodic process. Likewise, the separation of the anode and cathode by a membrane attains a faster stabilization of the MFC and a slight improvement in the production of electricity, although for air-breathing MFC, this element does not seem to be as crucial as for other types of MFCs. Keywords Microbial fuel cell; platinum; membrane; cathode, air-breathing Highlights -Under anodic process control Under close circuit conditions , the Pt content of the cathode has no influence on performance -Pt content in the cathode increases the maximum current and power attainable by the MFC -The implementation of a membrane leads to faster stabilization and better performance -Pt content and membrane implementation do not affect to the treatment capacity of the MFC -Membrane is not a crucial element in air-breathing MFCs.

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Section: Analytical and Electrochemical Measurementscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Influence of the Cathode Platinum Loading and of the Implementation of Membranes on the Performance of Air-Breathing Microbial Fuel Cells

et al. 2017

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“…In recent years, some combinations of electrochemical oxidation and photolysis had been reported by various researchers [8,9]. Most of these researchers concentrated on electro-Fenton technology in combination with UV irradiation, which may facilitate the photodecomposition of organic compounds, increase the generation of hydroxyl free radicals, and regenerate Fe 2+ from Fe 3+ species through a photoreduction mechanism [10][11][12][13]. However, there is little research on the combination of H 2 O 2 electrogeneration with direct photolysis in the absence of added catalysts such as Fe 2+ and TiO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Polyvinyl Alcohol Using Photoelectrochemical Oxidation Processes Based on Hydrogen Peroxide Electrogeneration

Huang

Wang

Chou

et al. 2013

International Journal of Photoenergy

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This study investigates the removal efficiency of PVA from aqueous solutions using UV irradiation in combination with the production of electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) cathode. Three cathode materials (i.e., platinum, graphite, and ACF) were fed with oxygen and used for the electrogeneration of H2O2. The amount of electrogenerated H2O2produced using the ACF cathode was five times greater than that generated using the graphite cathode and nearly 24 times greater than that from platinum cathode. Several parameters were evaluated to characterize the H2O2electrogeneration, such as current density, oxygen flow rate, solution pH, and the supporting electrolyte used. The optimum current density, oxygen flow rate, solution pH, and supporting electrolyte composition were found to be 10 mA cm−2, 500 cm3 min−1, pH 3, and Na2SO4, respectively. The PVA removal efficiencies were achieved under these conditions 3%, 16%, and 86% using UV, H2O2electrogeneration, and UV/H2O2electrogeneration, respectively. A UV light intensity of 0.6 mW cm−2was found to produce optimal PVA removal efficiency in the present study. A simple kinetic model was proposed which confirmed pseudo-first-order reaction. Reaction rate constant (kap) was found to depend on the UV light intensity.

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“…That is to say, residues of low or high toxicity are mixed with each other, resulting in a residue of greater toxicity. Here, the phenol concentration, organic load, and dissolved solids are not comparable with any other residue, including wastewater from different refining processes [90]. The phenol concentration in the samples analyzed suggest that this residue cannot be treated by BO (a concentration >3,000 mg L −1 leads to the complete deactivation of the microorganisms).…”

Section: Characterization Of the Spent Causticsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…When comparing the use of Ti/BDD with Ti/SnO 2 -Sb [87,88] and PbO 2 [89], it was found that the BDD electrode is much better for the destruction of phenol. Although the application of BDD in real samples has been weakly explored, when comparing the BDD with the electro-Fenton process for the treatment of wastewaters from refineries, it has been confirmed that even though the electro-Fenton process can induce a greater phenol degradation in comparison with the BDD electrode, the greater efficiency of degradation of the reaction byproducts (in terms of COD and TOC) occurs with BDD [9,90]. At the same time, other important studies applying the BDD for the treatment of water produced and typical wastewater from refineries have demonstrated the great efficiency of BDD [91][92][93].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Electrochemical Treatment of Spent Caustic from the Hydrocarbon Industry Using Ti/BDD

Medel

Méndez

Hernández-López

et al. 2015

International Journal of Photoenergy

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During the crude oil refining process, NaOH solutions are used to remove H2S, H2Saq, and sulfur compounds from different hydrocarbon streams. The residues obtained are called “spent caustics.” These residues can be mixed with those obtained in other processes, adding to its chemical composition naphthenic acids and phenolic compounds, resulting in one of the most dangerous industrial residues. In this study, the use of electrochemical technology (ET), using BDD with Ti as substrate (Ti/BDD), is evaluated in electrolysis of spent caustic mixtures, obtained through individual samples from different refineries. In this way, the Ti/BDD’s capability of carrying out the electrochemical destruction of spent caustics in an acidic medium is evaluated having as key process a chemical pretreatment phase. The potential production of•OHs, as the main reactive oxygen species electrogenerated over Ti/BDD surface, was evaluated in HCl and H2SO4through fluorescence spectroscopy, demonstrating the reaction medium’s influence on its production. The results show that the hydrocarbon industry spent caustics can be mineralized to CO2and water, driving the use of ET and of the Ti/BDD to solve a real problem, whose potential and negative impact on the environment and on human health is and has been the environmental agencies’ main focus.

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Electrochemical Incineration of Phenolic Compounds from the Hydrocarbon Industry Using Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes

Cited by 26 publications

References 26 publications

Influence of the Cathode Platinum Loading and of the Implementation of Membranes on the Performance of Air-Breathing Microbial Fuel Cells

Influence of the Cathode Platinum Loading and of the Implementation of Membranes on the Performance of Air-Breathing Microbial Fuel Cells

Removal of Polyvinyl Alcohol Using Photoelectrochemical Oxidation Processes Based on Hydrogen Peroxide Electrogeneration

Novel Electrochemical Treatment of Spent Caustic from the Hydrocarbon Industry Using Ti/BDD

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