Electrochemical Incineration of Organic Pollutants on Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. Evidence for Direct Electrochemical Oxidation Pathway

Zhi, Jinfang; Wang, Haibin; Nakashima, T.; Rao, Tata N.; Fujishima, Akira

doi:10.1021/jp030279g

Cited by 175 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Although various treatment strategies exist to treat phenols, electrochemistry is a promising new treatment method that numerous researchers have studied with various types of electrodes. Work has been done with titanium [5,6], platinum [7], glassy carbon [8], graphite [9], and boron-doped diamond (BDD) [10,11]. Interest in BDD electrochemistry has increased since the discovery that BDD has several advantages over other types of electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations

Saylor

Chen

Kupferle

2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In the present study, the Microtox® test was used to track the toxicity of electrochemical effluents to the marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri as a function of reaction time. When electrochemistry was used to degrade aqueous phenol using different reactor configurations, two reaction pathways were identified, chlorine substitution and oxidation, depending on whether the electrolyte contained chloride. For a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode, electrochemistry using Na₂SO₄ electrolyte produced a significantly more toxic effluent than when using NaCl electrolyte with all other conditions remaining the same. This effect is attributed to the reaction pathway, specifically the production of benzoquinone. Benzoquinone was produced only during electrochemistry using Na₂SO₄ and is the most toxic potential intermediate, having nearly 800 times more toxicity than phenol. Although the use of NaCl produced a lower toxicity effluent than Na₂SO₄, caution should be observed because of the production of chlorinated phenols, which can be of special environmental concern. When comparing graphite rod and BDD plate anodes in terms of toxicity evolution when using Na₂SO₄, BDD was found to produce a lower toxicity effluent; this is a result of the increased oxidizing power of BDD, reducing the formation of benzoquinone. In this comparison, the type of anode material/electrode configuration did not seem to affect which intermediates were detected but did affect the quantity of and rate of production of intermediates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations

Saylor

Chen

Kupferle

2012

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The phenol derivates are toxic and non-biodegradable organic compounds included in the list of priority phenols, which are used/produced in several industrial processes, being commonly used as preservatives, disinfectants, in pulp processing, in the manufacture of pesticides and intermediars [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the electrochemical processes, the aim is the complete oxidation of organics to CO2 or the conversion of the toxic organics to biocompatible compounds [1]. It has been reported [2,3] that the phenol electrooxidation produces electrode fouling by electropolimerization that leads to a low rate of oxidation, low permeability and strong adhesion on the electrode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The degradation of phenol derivates from wastewaters by electrochemical treatment

Bebeselea¹,

Manea²,

Radovan³

et al. 2008

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

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A group of carbon-based electrodes, i.e., glassy-carbon (GC), boron doped diamond (BDD), expanded graphite-polystyrene composite (EG-PS), expanded graphite-epoxy composite (EG-Epoxy) and expanded graphite-carbon nanofiberepoxy composite (EG-CNF-Epoxy) electrodes were investigated for electrochemical degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). Based on the investigated electrochemical techniques, e.g., cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA), the operation conditions and the electrode suitable for electrochemical oxidation of 4-CP were selected. In addition, multiple pulsed amperometry (MPA) was applied for the in-situ electrochemical cleaning of the electrode surface to improve the electrode efficiency. The BDD electrode exhibited the best features related to the 4-CP electrochemical degradation efficiency.

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“…Soc. compounds, particularly for the wastewater treatment. [10][11][12][13] In addition, modifications of the BDD surface have been employed for a number of specific applications. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] Thus, Duo et al 14 have studied the deposition of small quantities of IrO 2 clusters on the BDD surface by a thermal decomposition technique and observed that the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was dramatically enhanced with the surface modification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFM studies and electrochemical characterization of boron-doped diamond surfaces modified with metal oxides by the Sol-Gel method

Suffredini¹,

Salazar‐Banda²,

Okamura³

et al. 2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Com o objetivo de aprofundar investigações anteriores, foram realizadas modificações superficiais diretas em eletrodos de diamante dopados com boro (DDB), com óxidos metálicos (PtO x , RuO 2 , IrO 2 e PbO 2 ) e com alguns compósitos mistos, utilizando a técnica Sol-Gel. Estes materiais foram estudados por microscopia de força atômica (MFA) e os resultados indicaram a formação de sítios de deposição heterogênea. Técnicas eletroquímicas foram utilizadas para estabelecer a atividade catalítica para a reação de desprendimento de oxigênio (RDO) e para reação de oxidação de etanol em meio ácido utilizando os compósitos de PtO x e PtO x -RuO 2 . Testou-se ainda a estabilidade de um depósito de PtO x , recoberto por um filme de Nafion ® , por meio de operação contínua de longa duração. Estudos de voltametria cíclica comparativa mostraram que a área superficial ativa dos novos materiais mudou consideravelmente com o método de modificação proposto. O eletrodo de IrO 2 /BDD mostrou o melhor desempenho para a RDO, iniciando o processo de oxidação em ~ 1.4 V vs. HESS, valor este 200 mV menor do que o observado sobre um eletrodo de PtO x /BDD. Foi observada uma pequena perda da atividade do eletrodo de PtO x /BDD (6%) depois de realizada eletrólise de 4 horas, enquanto que 1000 ciclos voltamétricos deixaram a superfície praticamente inalterada. Os estudos realizados mostram que as atividades satisfatórias dos eletrodos preparados pelo método Sol-Gel podem constituir ferramentas interessantes de pesquisa, visando principalmente a utilização destes materiais em aplicações práticas.Continuing previous investigations, direct surface modifications of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes with metal oxides (PtO x , RuO 2 , IrO 2 and PbO 2 ) and with some mixed composites were carried out by the Sol-Gel technique. The materials were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) to determine their surface topologies and by electrochemical techniques to establish the catalytic activity towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and also, for the PtO x and PtO xRuO 2 composites, the ethanol oxidation reactions in acid media. The stability of PtO x coating covered by a Nafion ® film was also tested by long-term operation. The AFM results indicated sites of heterogeneous deposition and the electrochemical studies demonstrated that the active surface area changed considerably with the proposed method of modification. The IrO 2 /BDD electrode showed the best performance to the OER with the onset of the oxidation current at ~1.4 V, a value 200 mV lower than for the PtO x /BDD electrode. The enhanced stability of PtO x /BDD electrodes achieved by the application of a Nafion ® film and already reported in acid media was further proved using the ethanol oxidation reaction. Only a small loss of activity (6%) was observed after 4-hours electrolysis while one-thousand voltammetric cycles left the surface practically unchanged. In addition, preliminary studies for the same reaction on PtO x /BDD and PtO x -RuO 2 / BDD electrodes demonstrated the excell...

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Electrochemical Incineration of Organic Pollutants on Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode. Evidence for Direct Electrochemical Oxidation Pathway

Cited by 175 publications

References 25 publications

Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations

Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations

The degradation of phenol derivates from wastewaters by electrochemical treatment

AFM studies and electrochemical characterization of boron-doped diamond surfaces modified with metal oxides by the Sol-Gel method

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