Electrochemical inactivation of enteric viruses MS2, T4, and Phi6 using doped laser-induced graphene electrodes and filters

Abstract

Pathogenic virus inactivation is crucial to eliminate the substantial risk they cause to human health and to ensure safe drinking water. Conventional water disinfection methods generate harmful disinfection by-products, and...

Iron Nanoparticle-Incorporated Laser-Induced Graphene Filters for Environmental Remediation via an In Situ Electro-Fenton Process

“…Due to laser irradiation, the sheet surface turned into a highly porous forest-like structure (Figure a–c) due to the rapid release of gaseous products. , The fibrous structures for LIG, Fe-LIG, and SFe-LIG are also clearly visible in Figure d–i. Such forest-like porous and fibrous structures have also been reported in previous LIG fabrication studies. ,,, For elemental analysis, SEM-EDS of the LIG, Fe-LIG, and SFe-LIG sheets has also been done (Figures S4–S6). As shown in Figure S4, LIG sheets are composed of mainly carbon, oxygen, and sulfur.…”

“…The SEM images of LIG (Figure a,d,g), Fe-LIG (Figure b,e,h), and SFe-LIG filters (Figure c,f,i) at various magnifications are shown in Figure . Similar to the sheets, the filter’s surface turned into a forest-like, highly porous, and fibrous structure, as discussed in previous LIG fabrication studies. ,,, …”

“…The growing population, rapid urbanization, and industrialization have led to pollution of the water matrixes with various micropollutants and microorganisms. The increasing number of micropollutants in various water matrixes has grown worldwide concern due to the difficulty in their removal via conventional treatments; thus, it is required to use advanced treatment techniques. − One technique that has emerged as a promising treatment method is the electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP). , The main mechanism of pollutant treatment in EAOP involves direct oxidation at the electrode’s surface and indirect oxidation due to the generation of reactive oxygen species like hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). − The commonly used electrode materials for EAOP are dimensionally stable anodes (DSAs) and boron-doped diamonds (BDDs), which are cost extensive. − Graphene is a carbon-based nanomaterial with carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal structure and extraordinary physicochemical properties. − The high electron and thermal mobility, exceptionally high surface area, and mechanical strength make it a good fit for electrochemical applications. − Many studies have introduced heteroatoms into graphene to enhance its catalytic properties. − The synthesis of pure graphene is tedious and expensive and also includes the usage of harmful chemicals. , Recently, facile method for graphene production have been developed by using laser irradiation of the carbonaceous substrate called laser-induced graphene (LIG). − …”

Persulfate enhanced ciprofloxacin removal from water by laser-induced graphene-based electroconductive ultrafiltration membrane

“…[21][22][23][24][25] Detailed literature reviews on ECMs, LIG and their environmental application can be found elsewhere. 9,10,18,26,27 Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) play a key role in pollutant degradation, chemical oxidation, and wastewater treatment due to the production of highly reactive radicals. 28 With the research and development of AOPs, sulfate radicalbased AOPs (SR-AOPs) have emerged as a sub-category.…”

“…21–25 Detailed literature reviews on ECMs, LIG and their environmental application can be found elsewhere. 9,10,18,26,27…”