Electrochemical Formation of Polyaniline on Ti and Electrochemically Oxidized Ti Electrodes

Abstract

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Electrodeposition of Polyaniline on Tantalum: Redox Behavior, Morphology and Capacitive Properties

“…An increase in the PANI oxidation current Current densities assigned to the redox behavior of the electrodeposited PANI become higher by decreasing υ during the polymerization stage within both regions, namely −1.2-1.5 V SCE (Figure 5c) and −1.2-0.8 V SCE (Figure 5d). An increase in the PANI oxidation current observed by decreasing the synthesis potential scan rate was also observed for other substrates, such as AISI 304 stainless steel [17], Ti [22], Pt [34], Ni [35] and Ag [36]. Using υ in the range of 10 and 100 mV s −1 for the ANI polymerization on Pt shows that the peak current density j p linearly decreases due to PANI oxidation, with υ 1/2 indicating a masstransport control [34].…”

“…By extending the lower-potential limit up to −1.2 V SCE , additional cathodic peaks were revealed in the CV of the Ta|Ta 2 O 5 -PANI|PANI electrodes. Notably, they are reported here for the first time in the same manner as depicted in previous investigations regarding the electrodeposition of PANI on Ta [21,22]: a lower limit equal to −0.2 V was used. The peak located at less negative potentials bears a great resemblance to an additional cathodic peak reported in the literature for the electrodeposition of PANI on Ti [21,23] and Nb [24], whereas the other peak located at more negative potentials was never reported for either Ti or Nb.…”

“…It was observed that, depending on the substrate, as well as the electrochemical technique and the electrolyte, used, the electrochemical synthesis leads to the direct formation of a variety of nanostructured thin films ready to be used as a part of a device [19]. A limited number of studies have been reported on valve metal substrates such as Ti [20][21][22][23], Nb [24,25] and Ta [26,27], where the PANI electrodeposition process exhibits substantial differences due to the rapid formation of a high-resistance oxide layer on the metal's surface. Compared to conventional substrates (Pt, Au or carbons), a lower polymerization rate is expected on valve metals, which, in the case of Ti, seems to depend on the electronic properties of TiO 2 and increases upon increasing the level of oxygen deficiency [23].…”

A novel single-step anodization approach for pani-doping oxide surfaces to improve the photocatalytic activity of titanium implants

“…Chemical doping has been shown to be able to narrow the energy gap of titanium oxide to improve PCA [9]. Previous studies have achieved PANI-doping using a multi-step methodology consisting of anodization followed by annealing and electrochemical polymerization using cyclic voltammetry [16,17]. Chemically polymerized PANI/titanium oxide nanocomposites showed improved PCA when evaluated using the discoloration of Reactive Red azo dye in wastewater [38].…”

“…Conducting polymers (CPs) have attracted much interest as a biomaterial for biomedical applications [15]. Polyaniline (PANI), a conjugated CP, is one of the promising CPs due to its biocompatibility, ease of coating on substrates and the high conductivity of its oxidized forms [16][17][18]. Functionalized PANI polymers were reported to inhibit the growth of S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa [19].…”