Electrochemical Equilibria

Pourbaix, Marcel; Staehle, R. W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1806-4_4

Cited by 1,226 publications

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“…The pre-treatment is carried out to prevent the corrosion of magnesium substrate in the treatment solution. This is because corrosion of magnesium substrates in aqueous solutions with pH less than 11 is inevitable 23) and because the released Mg ions prevent HAp crystallization with the substitution of Mg atom for the Ca atom in the HAp structure. 24,25) On the other hand, the post treatment such as a heat treatment and an alkali heat treatment is carried out to transform the deposited calcium phosphate compounds to HAp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium with Hydroxyapatite Coatings Formed by Hydrothermal Treatment

Hiromoto

Tomozawa

2010

Mater. Trans.

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Corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys must be improved for their applications to orthopaedic bioabsorbable devices. Since hydroxyapatite (HAp) is chemically stable in the body and is the main component of bones, HAp coatings have been well studied to improve the corrosion resistance and osteoconductivity of magnesium alloys. In this study, highly crystallized HAp coatings were formed on pure magnesium with a single-step hydrothermal treatment using a C 10 H 12 CaN 2 Na 2 O 8 solution with various pH values. Morphology of the HAp coating varied depending on the pH value. Corrosion behavior of the HAp-coated magnesium was investigated by anodic polarization, impedance and immersion tests in a simulated body fluid. It was revealed that the corrosion resistance of pure magnesium was improved more than 10 times with the HAp coatings. Stable localized corrosion was prevented with the HAp coatings although the occurrence and moderation of unstable localized corrosion appeared to take place at the defects of the HAp coatings. The initial protectiveness of the HAp coating depended on the treatment condition. During 4-day immersion, the precipitated HAp sealed the defects of the HAp coatings, resulting in the negligible release of magnesium ions regardless of the treatment conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium with Hydroxyapatite Coatings Formed by Hydrothermal Treatment

Hiromoto

Tomozawa

2010

Mater. Trans.

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“…The dissolution rates of Zn and Al increase when the solution pH is higher than approximately 12-13 26) and 11,27) respectively. Therefore, it is thought that the specimen using only calcium silicate was dissolved as a result of the high alkalization of the specimen surface by dissolution of the CaO component, and for this reason, its corrosion resistance was lower than that of the specimen without the corrosion-preventive additives (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Self-Healing Effect by Zinc Phosphate and Calcium Silicate Included in Organic-Inorganic Composite Coating on 55%Al-Zn Coated Steel Sheet

Matsuzaki¹,

Nagoshi²,

Noro³

et al. 2011

Mater. Trans.

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Improved corrosion resistance of steel sheets plated with zinciferous metal, and particularly 55% Al-Zn alloy coated steel sheets, has become necessary in recent years. However, 55% Al-Zn alloy coated steel sheets are susceptible to surface cracks during forming due to the hardness of the metallic coating. This research examined various non-chromate corrosion-preventive compounds for organic-inorganic composite coatings and found that a composite coating containing a mixture of Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and CaSiO 3 provided the highest corrosion resistance among all the additives tested. The corrosion mechanism was investigated by post-test analysis of the specimens by SEM, AFM, TEM and EDX, revealing that an amorphous surface layer, which was approximately 30 nm thick and contained Ca, Cr, P, Si, C, and O, had newly formed on the steel surface exposed after deformation of the coating. It is presumed that Ca 2þ and HPO 4 2À were formed by dissolution of the CaO component in CaSiO 3 and hydrolysis of ZnO 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , respectively, and reacted to form an insoluble Ca-phosphoric acid compound which inhibited corrosion of the metal exposed by cracks.

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“…The phenomenon is based on the removal of aluminum which dissolves into the solution of 1 kmol/m 3 sodium hydroxide, and thought to be aluminate ions, while tin remains as a metal at this electrode potential. 31) Although the above-mentioned heat treatment is not an adequate measure to reduce the nonuniformity of strain in the tin phase surrounded by the aluminum phase, the etching of the aluminum phase, which causes the nonuniform deformation of tin, is considered to decrease the nonuniformity as well as lower the macroscopic residual stress in Fig. 8.…”

Section: Formation Of Nodules and Whiskersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation and Growth of Tin Whiskers on Aluminum–Tin Alloys

et al. 2012

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In order to clarify the mechanism of formation of nodules and whiskers on the conducting wires used in aluminum electrolytic capacitors, aluminumtin binary alloys were subjected to an investigation as the model alloys for the joints in the conducting wires. The concentration of tin in the binary alloys was 1, 5 or 10 at%. The 10 at% tin alloy showed the highest number of nodules or whiskers on its polished surface after storing under ambient conditions for 7.8 Ms. Many whiskers whose length were greater than several tens of micrometers were observed for 5 at% tin alloy. The 1 at% tin alloy showed few nodules or whiskers. Growth of the nodules and whiskers is caused by diffusion of the tin atoms from the strained or high-energy areas into the low-energy ones or the root grains. The extrusion toward the surface at the root grains then develops nodules and whiskers. As a preventive measure of whisker formation, selective etching of the aluminum phase using a solution of sodium hydroxide was confirmed to be successful. Thus the aluminum phase was thought to form a non-uniform distribution of strain in the tin phase. This acts as the driving force for diffusion of the tin atoms.

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Electrochemical Equilibria

Cited by 1,226 publications

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Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium with Hydroxyapatite Coatings Formed by Hydrothermal Treatment

Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium with Hydroxyapatite Coatings Formed by Hydrothermal Treatment

Self-Healing Effect by Zinc Phosphate and Calcium Silicate Included in Organic-Inorganic Composite Coating on 55%Al-Zn Coated Steel Sheet

Formation and Growth of Tin Whiskers on Aluminum–Tin Alloys

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Electrochemical Equilibria

Cited by 1,226 publications

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Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium with Hydroxyapatite Coatings Formed by Hydrothermal Treatment

Corrosion Behavior of Magnesium with Hydroxyapatite Coatings Formed by Hydrothermal Treatment

Self-Healing Effect by Zinc Phosphate and Calcium Silicate Included in Organic-Inorganic Composite Coating on 55%Al-Zn Coated Steel Sheet

Formation and Growth of Tin Whiskers on Aluminum&ndash;Tin Alloys

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Formation and Growth of Tin Whiskers on Aluminum–Tin Alloys