Electrochemical Dopamine Biosensor Based on Poly(3-aminobenzylamine) Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Multilayer Thin Film

Abstract

Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter which indicates the risk of several neurological diseases. The selective determination with low detection limit is necessary for early diagnosis and prevention of neurological diseases associated with abnormal concentration of DA. The purpose of this study is to fabricate a poly(3-aminobenzylamine)/poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PABA/PSS) multilayer thin film for use as an electrochemical DA biosensor. The PABA was firstly synthesized using a chemical oxidation method of 3-aminobenzylamine (ABA) monomer with ammonium persulfate (APS) as an oxidant. For electrochemical biosensor, the PABA/PSS thin film was fabricated on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrate using the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method. The optimized number of bilayers was achieved using SEM and cyclic voltammetry (CV) results. The electroactivity of the optimized LBL thin film toward detection of DA in neutral solution was studied by CV and amperometry. The PABA/PSS thin film showed good sensitivity for DA sensing with sensitivity of 6.922 nA.cm−2.µM−1 and linear range of 0.1–1.0 µM (R2 = 0.9934), with low detection limit of 0.0628 µM, long-term stability and good reproducibility. In addition, the selectivity of the PABA/PSS thin film for detection of DA under the common interferences (i.e., ascorbic acid, uric acid and glucose) was also presented. The prepared PABA/PSS thin film showed the powerful efficiency for future use as DA biosensor in real sample analysis.

From Enzymatic Dopamine Biosensors to OECT Biosensors of Dopamine

“…Tang et al also achieved a study of the OECT sensitivity to DA, using PEDOT:PSS organic semiconductor with diverse materials as gate electrodes: graphite, Au, and Pt. Pt offered the lowest limit of detection of 5 nM [ 38 , 49 ].…”

“…The first representative was the Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor (ISFET) [ 35 ]. Then these successively followed: electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) [ 36 ], organic thin film transistor (OTFT) [ 37 ], Organic Electrochemical Transistor (OECT) [ 38 ], and extended-gate field-effect transistor (EGFET) [ 39 ]. For the transducer part, many solutions have arisen: one-dimensional (1-D) Si-nano-wires-FET [ 40 ], two-dimensional (2-D) nano-sheets like Graphene-FET [ 41 ], three-dimensional (3-D) nano-devices like nano-tubes [ 42 ], and conducting polymers tubes, with various advantages, such as facile functionalization [ 43 ].…”

Nanoarchitectonics beyond perfect order – not quite perfect but quite useful

“…For organic LbL systems, polyelectrolyte polymers are often deposited on flat substrates, where various materials can be also incorporated. A poly(3-aminobenzylamine)/PSS (PABA/ PSS) multilayer thin film was developed, which was used as a electrochemical dopamine (DA) biosensor exhibiting a good sensitivity, linear range, low detection limit, long-term stability, and good reproducibility 154 (Fig. 8A).…”

The layer-by-layer assembled ERGO+/ERGO− multilayer modified electrode for sensitive detection of dopamine

“…For decades, layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly for constructing nano-films has brought hope to solve this problem [22,23]. The principle of LBL technology is to use strong interaction forces (such as chemical bonds, etc.)…”