Electrochemical diffusion potential in the gas phase

Caruana, Daren J.; McCormack, Sean

doi:10.1016/s1388-2481(01)00235-1

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…14,15 We show that with appropriate experimental design, electrochemical methodology can be applied to study gaseous plasma systems. Our work 16,17 and the work of Goodings 18 have demonstrated that such studies are possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…where f R gas and f L gas are the potentials of the right and left compartment, respectively, each containing added ionisable species. Diffusion potential in flames has been described earlier, 17,18 and was adequately described by the Henderson equation. 21 The diffusion potential in flames is large in magnitude, as it is derived from the difference in mobility between the electrons and cations present in the two compartments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma electrochemistry: potential measured at boron doped diamond and platinum in gaseous electrolyte

Hadzifejzovic

Galiani

Caruana

2006

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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Premixed hydrogen/oxygen flame doped with ionisable alkali metals was considered as a dilute electrolyte. Two identical premixed flames which were in physical contact, served as a two compartment flame electrolyte cell. Five different electrochemical cells were studied, each containing a different combination of three alkali metals, Li, K and Cs. Pairs of boron doped diamond (BDD) and platinum electrodes were used to measure the overall zero current cell potential. The total potential measured across the cell was shown to be the sum of the mixed potential, dependent on the identity of ionised species present in the flame, and the diffusion potential originating at the junction between the two flames. Classical kinetic molecular theory and electrochemical theory of mixed potentials have been applied to account for the potential difference measured across these gas phase electrochemical cells. The relative merits of both models are discussed in the context of the experimental results obtained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma electrochemistry: potential measured at boron doped diamond and platinum in gaseous electrolyte

Hadzifejzovic

Galiani

Caruana

2006

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…where f R gas and f L gas are the potentials of the right and left compartments respectively, each containing added ionisable species. Diffusion potential in flames has been described earlier 19,20 and can be adequately estimated using the Henderson equation 21 . In the present case, where we dope both flame compartments with the same species, this becomes…”

Section: Mediummentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry in Flames

2010

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Flames and combustion science are well established fields having contributed to the foundations of engineering and chemistry and led to remarkable achievements in our ‘industrial age’. The aim of this paper, however, is to highlight the electrochemical properties of flames, which are known to a lesser extent. First a historical account on the study on flames is given, followed by a general discussion on the formation and properties of common flames. The core of the discussion deals with the presence of charged species in flames, or else their plasma nature. It is this property that allows us to treat flames as conductive media and even develop flame electrochemical systems that yield voltages in the same fashion as standard batteries. Due to their very interesting plasma properties, therefore, flames can be incorporated with already developed electrochemical methodologies and generate new research areas of great potential.

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“…Recently, first experiments on electromagnetic force ͑emf͒ measurements in flames have been reported. 12,13 We concentrate on the synthetic approach (ii), i.e., on solid-state reactions and electrode processes being either controlled or at least influenced by a plasma. In Fig.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Electrochemistry in Radio Frequency Discharges

Vennekamp

Janek

2003

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Plasma-anodic experiments on the oxidation of silver electrodes were performed in an inductively coupled chlorine plasma in the temperature range between 50 and 180°C. Pure chlorine plasmas with gas pressures on the order of 1 mbar were employed. The growth rate of the silver chloride films was strongly enhanced in the plasma compared to thermal conditions, and it could be controlled effectively by applying an external electric potential under both galvanostatic and potentiostatic conditions. An analysis of the growth kinetics of the silver halide film shows that the growth rate is limited by the electron flux across the product film in the thermal experiment and across the plasma in the plasma-anodic experiment. It is experimentally shown that the thickness of the product layer is proportional to the electrical charge passed through the plasma-electrochemical cell Ag/AgCl/plasma/carbon. Current densities across the product layer were in the order of 1 mA/cm 2 . The enhancement of the growth rate is smaller than predicted by Faraday's law, indicating either electronic leakage currents or anode sputtering.Gaseous low-temperature plasmas exhibit nonzero electrical conductivity, and they are used as fluid conductors and highly reactive media in a number of technical applications. Most of these industrial applications employ plasmas in the chemical modification of solid surfaces. Studying ion-conducting crystals, their transport properties, and application, we decided to investigate whether gaseous plasmas can also be used in a quasi-electrochemical approach to control reactions between solid electrolytes and the gas phase.In electrochemistry a plasma can be regarded as a fluid mixed conductor with low ionic conductivity but high electronic conductivity, i.e., with a small ionic transference number, but the analogy to conventional liquid or solid electrolytes is not straightforward. Extended space-charge regions exist at the boundaries of any nonequilibrium plasma as a consequence of ambipolar diffusion of charged plasma species from the plasma bulk to the plasma wall. These kinetically driven space-charge regions ͑diffusion potentials͒ lead to strongly nonlinear transport properties of the plasma as a whole. Correspondingly, the possible use of gaseous plasmas in either liquid or solid-state electrochemistry is not yet well investigated, and applications in electrochemistry are rare. In addition, plasmas usually contain a variety of excited atomic and molecular species which complicate the theoretical modeling on the microscopic scale.Besides some historical experiments with glow discharges and aequeous electrolytes more than a hundred years ago, 1 only recently a few electrochemical experiments were performed using electrodeless radio frequency ͑rf͒ or W discharges. Focusing on solid-state electrochemistry, experiments with halogen-containing plasmas were reported by Uchimoto and Ogumi et al.,2,3 Escoffier et al.,4,5 and by this group of the authors. 6-9 To our knowledge no other experimental studies on plasma elec...

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Electrochemical diffusion potential in the gas phase

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Plasma electrochemistry: potential measured at boron doped diamond and platinum in gaseous electrolyte

Plasma electrochemistry: potential measured at boron doped diamond and platinum in gaseous electrolyte

Electrochemistry in Flames

Plasma Electrochemistry in Radio Frequency Discharges

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