Electrochemical Detection of Trichloroethylene with an Electrodeposited Pb-Modified Electrode

Abstract

The amperometric sensing of trichloroethylene ͑TCE͒ in the organic phase by using modified Pb electrode was described. The influence of pretreatment, electrodeposition current density, electrodeposition time, and electrodeposition temperature for preparation of the working electrode were discussed. The optimal conditions for preparation of modified Pb electrode were obtained as 0.1 M HNO 3 pretreatment, 20 mA/cm 2 electrodeposition current density, and 30°C electrodeposition temperature. Additionally, the optimal sensing conditions such as Ϫ2.10 V sensing potential ͓vs. Ag/Ag ϩ with 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate in acetonitrile ͑AN͒ solution͔, 155 rpm agitation rate, and at room temperature with 0.01 M tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate electrolyte concentration in AN solution were obtained in this system. Under the optimal sensing conditions, the results indicated that the response time was 20 s ͑90% response time͒ and the correlation of sensing response current, i d , and TCE concentration, C L , is i d ϭ 1.060 C L in the range from 100 to 700 ppm. Furthermore, the rate constant of TCE mass transfer, k, was also obtained to be 7.217 ϫ 10 Ϫ4 /cm s.

Mechanistic study of the electropolymeric synthesis of a conducting polyacetylene chloride polymer

“…In general, the degree of dissociation shown in Equation (7) is much greater than that in Equation (14), and the main reaction is advantaged relative to the side reaction.…”

“…Due to the potentially harmful properties of TCE, it is important to be able to monitor TCE concentrations for environmental protection. At present, the methods used to determine TCE concentration are gas chromatography (GC) [8], gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [3,5,11], Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [9,10], flow injection analysis (FIA) [7], and electrochemical sensor based methods [13][14][15]. Although the GC procedure is sensitive, it provides limited information about the individual molecular species.…”

“…In our research into the generation of TCE sensors, acetylene chloride, which can be produced by an electrochemical method [14] as shown in Equation (1) was thought to be an interesting material due to it having a large number of overtone and combination bands. The pure rotational spectrum of acetylene chloride has been examined [16][17][18]; this shows assignable vibration-rotation structure and some sensing devices have been developed using this information.…”

Electrochemical detection and removal of lead in water using poly(propylene imine) modified re-compressed exfoliated graphite electrodes

“…Anodic processes can be used to oxidise organic pollutants to produce harmless products, while cathodic processes can remove heavy metals from wastewaters down to very low outlet concentrations [8,9]. Electrochemical methods, compared with conventional methods, are characterised by high sensitivity, good selectivity, rapid response and the instruments are relatively simple to use with the possibility of miniaturisation for in situ measurements which is an advantage for trace metal detection [10][11][12]. Electrochemical techniques have proved to be powerful tools for removing heavy metals from waste solutions.…”

Thin film trichloroethylene electrochemical sensor

“…In this work, an electrodeposited Pb-modified electrode was used to sense TCE since this configuration has been shown to give good performance and sensitivity (Chen et al, 2002;Chen and Chou, 2003). The framework of the sensor was constructed with an electrodeposited Pb-modified electrode having microfabricated Pt-Ti thin film as the working electrode in organic system to monitor TCE based on electrochemical reaction.…”