Electrochemical Detection of Flutamide by the Composite of Complex Based on Thiacalix[4]arene Derivatives and Reduced Graphene Oxide

Abstract

In this paper, a thiacalix [4]arene complex [Zn 2 (TIT4A)L 2 ]•4DMF•2CH 3 OH (H 2 L = 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid) (Zn-TIT4A-L) was synthesized by a solvothermal method. The composites were prepared by combining Zn-TIT4A-L with reduced graphene oxide (RGO), mesoporous carbon (MC), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), respectively. Three representative composites are Zn-TIT4A-L@RGO(1:1), Zn-TIT4A-L@MC(1:2), and Zn-TIT4A-L@MWCNT(1:2). X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy characterized their structures and morphologies. The results showed that three composites were successfully prepared, and the crystals of the complex remained in the composites. The electrochemical properties of the composites were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The results indicated that they had good electrocatalytic activity and conductivity. Among them, Zn-TIT4A-L@RGO(1:1) had the best performance and was used for the quantitative detection of flutamide (FTA). The linear range of detection is 0.1−200 μM, and the limit of detection is 0.015 μM. At the same time, the sensor also had good reproducibility, anti-interference, and stability. The sensor was also used for the detection of FTA in lake water, human urine, and serum with a satisfactory recovery rate. The possible mechanism of electrochemical detection of FTA was also discussed.

Porous Nanostructured Chromium-Doped Tungsten Oxide Electrocatalysts for Flutamide and Nilutamide Detection

“…Therefore, the detection of the antiandrogen-active ingredient FLTM in biological/clinical samples is extremely vital. The previous analysis of FLTM detection relied on conventional analytical techniques such as HPLC, , HPLC/UV, spectrofluorimetry, flow injection analysis, ESI mass spectrometry, and more recently, electrochemical methods. − …”

Optimization of Electrochemical Sensitivity in Anticancer Drug Quantification through ZnS@CNS Nanosheets: Synthesis via Accelerated Sonochemical Methodology

“…On the other hand, for women who are suffering from poly-cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is suggested to take flutamide for controlling the over secretion of testosterone. Flutamide is broadly used for the treatment of prostate cancer because of its best metabolic activity, good efficacy and oral intake procedures [3] . Flutamide is taken in the form of tablet, which is 250 mg a day for 3 times to limit the testosterone by prostate cancer cells [4] .…”

Amplifying Flutamide Sensing through the Synergetic Combination of Actinidia-Derived Carbon Particles and WS2 Platelets

“…Anticancer drugs, such as FLD, can be extremely toxic, and this is alarming in terms of the health of aquatic species, impacting on their reproductive endocrine systems . FLD sensors have previously been reported, including sensors fabricated from different oxide phases, such as nickel oxides, molybdenum oxides, and cobalt oxides, − and various sensors that employ graphene or reduced graphene oxide. − However, the sensing of FLD with WS 2 or any WS 2 -based composite material has not been reported.…”